{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:10:48Z","timestamp":1790673048857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Thymus vulgaris L. have been used in traditional medicine in the treatment of bronchitis, asthma and other respiratory diseases. The present study focuses on the effects of these two extracts on NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. In addition, cell viability, scavenging activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression were evaluated. E. globulus and T. vulgaris extracts significantly inhibited the enhanced production of NO induced by LPS and IFN-\u03b3 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with these two extracts did not reduce cell viability at any dose used. Both plant extracts showed significant scavenging of NO radicals released by an NO donor, PAPANONOate. Results also show that pre-treatment with E. globulus and T. vulgaris extracts significantly inhibits iNOS mRNA expression. This study thus suggests that the inhibition of net NO production by these two extracts may be due to their NO scavenging activity and\/or their inhibitory effects on iNOS gene expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357022665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,18]],"date-time":"2004-02-18T18:03:31Z","timestamp":1077127411000},"page":"257-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["In-vitro anti-inflammatory effect of\n                    <i>Eucalyptus globulus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Thymus vulgaris<\/i>\n                    : nitric oxide inhibition in J774A.1 murine macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Vigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Perez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Gualillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n 4, Area de Docencia e Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario , 15782 Santiago de Compostela,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit1","first-page":"670","article-title":"Eucalipto. Tomillo","volume-title":"Tratado de Fitomedicina. Bases Cl\u00ednicas y Farmacol\u00f3gicas","author":"Alonso","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Les propriet\u00e9s antis\u00e9ptiques des huiles essentielles in vitro, test\u00e9es contre des germes pathog\u00e9nes hospitaliers","volume":"59","author":"Benouda","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-194605000-00013","article-title":"On the expectorant action of volatile oils","volume":"211","author":"Boyd","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-8621","article-title":"Effects of prenylated flavonoids and biflavonoids on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production from the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7","volume":"66","author":"Cheon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)91583-E","article-title":"Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages","volume":"172","author":"Di Rosa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957473","article-title":"The Griess assay: suitable for a bio-guided fractionation of anti-inflammatory plant extracts","volume":"64","author":"Dirsch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.21.4105","article-title":"DNA damage by peroxynitrite characterized with DNA repair enzymes","volume":"24","author":"Epe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00187-7","article-title":"Screening of some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity","volume":"70","author":"Essawi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1730161","article-title":"Pit-1\/GHF-1 and GH expression in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line","volume":"173","author":"Gil-Puig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957863","article-title":"Antiperoxidative components in Thymus. vulgaris","volume":"62","author":"Haraguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.191","article-title":"Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase as a potential therapeutic target","volume":"39","author":"Hobbs","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90931-8","article-title":"Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients","volume":"343","author":"Kharitonov","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit13","first-page":"15","article-title":"Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase II by down-regulating cytokine-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-\u03baB","volume":"49","author":"Kleinert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.52.3.465","article-title":"(\u2013)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate blocks the induction of nitric oxide synthesis by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-\u03baB","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit15","first-page":"787","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a factor in inflammation","volume-title":"Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates","author":"Moilanen","year":"1999"},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit16","first-page":"109","article-title":"Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology","volume":"43","author":"Moncada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit17","first-page":"241","article-title":"Novel natural oxidants for utilization in food and biological systems","volume-title":"Postharvest Biochemistry of Plant Food Materials in the Tropics","author":"Osawa","year":"1994"},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(00)00181-7","article-title":"Prostaglandins and nitric oxide as molecular targets for anti-inflammatory therapy","volume":"71","author":"Sautebin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13353.x","article-title":"Co-induction of nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase: interactions between nitric oxide and prostanoids","volume":"114","author":"Swierkosz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit20","first-page":"674","article-title":"Nifedipine inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase by bacterial lipopolysaccharide","volume":"265","author":"Szabo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit21","first-page":"9","article-title":"Spasmolytic activity of the flavonoids from Thymus vulgaris","volume":"5","author":"Van den Broucke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pharm. Weekbl. Sci."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00354-X","article-title":"Inhibition of nitric oxide by phenylethanoids in activated macrophages","volume":"400","author":"Xiong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103109402274400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010697n","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs","volume":"49","author":"Zheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1211%2F0022357022665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/56\/2\/257\/60260345\/0022357022665.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/56\/2\/257\/60260345\/0022357022665.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T06:16:16Z","timestamp":1730355376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/56\/2\/257\/6147171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/0022357022665","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]}}}