{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:00:50Z","timestamp":1788483650450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to produce acid soluble, polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA) microspheres containing trimebutine (as maleate), using a water-in-oil-in-water (w\/o\/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method, to characterize their in-vitro release properties, and to evaluate the taste-masking potential of this formulation in human volunteers. The pH of the external aqueous phase was the critical factor in achieving a high loading efficiency for trimebutine in the microencapsulation process; nearly 90% (w\/w) loading efficiency was obtained at above pH 10. Trimebutine was completely released from AEA microspheres within 10 min in a dissolution test at pH 1.2, simulating conditions in the stomach, whereas at pH 6.8, the pH in the mouth, only small quantities of trimebutine were released in the initial 1\u20132 min. The results of a gustatory sensation test in healthy volunteers confirmed the taste-masking effects of the AEA microspheres. Finally, an attempt was made to encapsulate the salts of other basic drugs (lidocaine, imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, promethazine and chlorpheniramine) into AEA microspheres using the w\/o\/w emulsion evaporation method. The loading efficiencies were ranked in almost inverse proportion with the solubility of the drugs in the external aqueous phase. This study demonstrated the possibility of masking the taste of salts of basic drugs by microencapsulation with AEA using a w\/o\/w emulsion solvent evaporation method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/002235702760345383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,16]],"date-time":"2002-10-16T23:09:59Z","timestamp":1034809799000},"page":"1323-1328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Preparation, characterization and taste-masking properties of polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate microspheres containing trimebutine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Consumer Healthcare, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , 17-1, Hasune 3-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , 11-68, Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City, 663-8179,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Consumer Healthcare, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , 17-1, Hasune 3-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Shiozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Consumer Healthcare, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , 17-1, Hasune 3-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Consumer Healthcare, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , 17-1, Hasune 3-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , 11-68, Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City, 663-8179,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University , 11-68, Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City, 663-8179,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-100101297","article-title":"Studies of ion-exchange resin complex of chloroquine phosphate","volume":"26","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/02652040110055612","article-title":"Taste masking of diclofenac sodium using microencapsulation","volume":"19","author":"Al-Omran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1067\/mda.2002.122480","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Birrer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1081\/PDT-120002231","article-title":"The influence of film coating on pellet properties","volume":"7","author":"Chopra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3109\/02652049509006793","article-title":"Production of water-containing polymer microcapsules by the complex emulsion\/solvent evaporation technique. Effect of process variables on the micro-capsule size distribution","volume":"12","author":"Kentepozidou","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Microencapsul."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit6","first-page":"83","article-title":"Evaluation of microcapsules prepared by the powder bed method using purified water as solvent","volume":"50","author":"Koyama","year":"1990","journal-title":"Yakuzaigaku"},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit7","first-page":"24","article-title":"Dysfunction of the Oddi's sphincter","volume":"2","author":"Laugier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit8","first-page":"17","article-title":"Improvement of oral bioavailability of fenbufen by cyclodextrin complexations","volume":"4","author":"Miyaji","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Nord."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit9","volume-title":"Harper's Biochemistry","author":"Murray","year":"1985","edition":"22nd"},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.36.1095","article-title":"Controlled-release of leuprolide acetate from polylactic acid or copoly(lactic\/lycolic) acid microspheres; influence of molecular weight and copolymer ratio of polymer","volume":"36","author":"Ogawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit11","first-page":"717","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two trimebutine formulations in healthy volunteers using desmethyl-trimebutine levels","volume":"50","author":"Saivin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3109\/03639049509048114","article-title":"Evaluation of uniform-sized microparticles containing a vibration nozzle method","volume":"21","author":"Shimamo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011904627929","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of poly (lactide-co-glycolide)microspheres containing hepatitis B core antigen","volume":"15","author":"Uchida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.48.1843","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of the bitterness of commercial medicines using a taste sensor","volume":"48","author":"Uchida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"2024103109383833600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357011775280","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of biodegradable or enteric-coated microspheres containing the protease inhibitor camostat","volume":"53","author":"Uchida","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1211%2F002235702760345383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/54\/10\/1323\/60259133\/002235702760345383.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/54\/10\/1323\/60259133\/002235702760345383.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T10:06:39Z","timestamp":1730369199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/54\/10\/1323\/6150150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/002235702760345383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]}}}