{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:34:22Z","timestamp":1761510862701,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recently, a dimeticone formulation has been shown to be effective at preventing Schistosoma cercariae infecting skin, while DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), a highly effective insecticide, has been shown to have activity against cercariae. Seven formulations, 3 containing DEET, were prepared and applied to excised human skin in Franz cells for 1 h. Schistosoma cercariae were applied for 30 min at 1 and 24 h, and the number that penetrated the skin calculated (n = 9). DEET could not be incorporated into the dimeticone formulation, yet it remained the most effective at preventing cercarial penetration, both 1 and 24 h after application. The ointments that contained DEET did prevent penetration but their mode of action was due to the toxicity of DEET against the cercariae. The persistence of the protection afforded by the dimeticone formulation after washing suggests that the formulation may be interacting with the stratum corneum to prevent cercarial recognition of skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357043996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,19]],"date-time":"2004-07-19T21:51:54Z","timestamp":1090273914000},"page":"957-962","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A comparison of topical formulations for the prevention of human schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Pharmacy, King's College London , 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Pharmacy, King's College London , 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Pharmacy, King's College London , 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Marriott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Pharmacy, King's College London , 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Pharmacy, King's College London , 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M B","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Pharmacy, King's College London , 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.403","article-title":"Field trial of 1% niclosamide as a topical antipenetrant to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae","volume":"49","author":"Abu-Elyazeed","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006034","article-title":"The infection of human skin by schistosome cercariae: studies using Franz cells","volume":"121","author":"Bartlett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1086\/341895","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and international travel","volume":"35","author":"Corachan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. 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Hyg."},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(86)90191-8","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: salicylanilides as topical prophylactic against cercarial penetration of mice","volume":"61","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit14","first-page":"537","article-title":"Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level","volume":"110","author":"Pruss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.828","article-title":"Evaluation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as a topical agent for preventing skin penetration by cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"58","author":"Salafsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. 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Parasitol."},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit22","first-page":"185","article-title":"Consequences of infections with schistosomes","volume-title":"The biology of schistosomes: from genes to latrines","author":"Von Lichtenberg","year":"1987"},{"key":"2024103109403044300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90077-4","article-title":"Presentation and outcome of 1107 cases of schistosomiasis from Africa diagnosed in a non-endemic country","volume":"94","author":"Whitty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. 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