{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:02:33Z","timestamp":1791655353549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Oleanolic acid is a naturally derived triterpene used clinically in the treatment of hepatitis in China, but its poor solubility often leads to poor bioavailability. In the present study, oleanolic acid nanosuspensions were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and then systematically characterized. The average particle size of the obtained nanosuspensions was 284.9 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.216. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the drug existed as spherical or near-spherical nanoparticles in the nanosuspensions. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies indicated that oleanolic acid was present in an amorphous state in the lyophilized nanosuspensions. At 25\u00b0C, the saturation solubility of oleanolic acid was increased by about 6 times after nanoation (25.72 \u03bcg mL\u22121 vs 4.37 \u03bcg mL\u22121). In the in-vitro drug release experiments, the lyophilized nanosuspensions showed a faster drug dissolution rate than that of the coarse drug powder (approx. 90% vs 15% during the first 20 min), and nearly 95% of the oleanolic acid was released by 120 min. As evidenced by the lower serum alanine aminotransferase activity and liver malondiadehyde content, pre-treatment with oleanolic acid nanosuspensions significantly enhanced the hepatoprotective effect of oleanolic acid against carbon tetrachlorideinduced liver injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357055407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,22]],"date-time":"2005-01-22T02:11:53Z","timestamp":1106359913000},"page":"259-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Oleanolic acid nanosuspensions: preparation, in-vitro characterization and enhanced hepatoprotective effect"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huibi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109405476100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20001","article-title":"Rapid dissolution of high-potency danazol particles produced by evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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