{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:15:46Z","timestamp":1792703746744,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pharmacokinetic analyses of protein pharmaceuticals are of prime importance for their clinical application. Because many proteins have pharmacological activity at low concentrations, radiolabelling of proteins is widely used to identify the sites and determine the rates of protein catabolism in-vivo due to the high sensitivity of detection of radioactivity. Recently, a metallic radionuclide, 111In, has been used to trace the pharmacokinetics of proteins of interest after conjugation of the proteins with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). In this study, galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA) was reacted with the cyclic dianhydride of DTPA and labelled with 111In to estimate the validity of this radiolabelling procedure for pharmacokinetic analyses. For comparison, we also evaluated direct radioiodination, because directly-radioiodinated proteins are widely used to assess the pharmacokinetics of proteins of interest.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The hepatic radioactivity profile after intravenous injection of [131I]NGA or [111In]DTPA-NGA into mice was analysed pharmacokinetically, and the first-order rate constant representing the elimination of the respective radiometabolite from hepatic parenchymal cells was determined.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The results indicated that direct radioiodination is inappropriate for pursuing the pharmacokinetics of the proteins, because of rapid elimination of the radioactivity from the sites of protein catabolism. These findings also implied that the [111In]DTPA label could be used to identify the catabolic sites and determine the rates of catabolism of proteins with relatively short biological half-lives, although characterization of radiolabelled species at the sites of accumulation would be required for accurate determination of the catabolic sites of proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,18]],"date-time":"2003-07-18T23:43:52Z","timestamp":1058571832000},"page":"15-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["In-vivo Evaluation of Indium-111-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid-labelling for Determining the Sites and Rates of Protein Catabolism in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Mukai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University , 1\u201314 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852\u20138521,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Arano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606\u20138501,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koyo","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University , 1\u201314 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852\u20138521,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University School of Medicine , 7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852\u20138501,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Saji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606\u20138501,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University , 1\u201314 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852\u20138521,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Biological comparison of DTPA and SCN-benzyl-EDTA as chelating agents for indium labeling of antibodies","volume":"35","author":"Arano","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Labelled Compd. Radiopharm."},{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit2","first-page":"890","article-title":"A biological method to evaluate bifunctional chelating agents to label antibodies with metallic radionuclides","volume":"35","author":"Arano","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00042a014","article-title":"Maleimidoethyl 3-(tri-n-butyl-stannyl)hippurate: a useful radioiodination reagent for protein radiopharmaceuticals to enhance target selective radioactivity localization","volume":"37","author":"Arano","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8051(95)00009-M","article-title":"Radiolabeled metabolites of proteins play a critical role in radioactivity elimination from the liver","volume":"22","author":"Arano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1021\/jm950949+","article-title":"Reassessment of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a chelating agent for indium-111 labeling of polypeptides using a newly synthesized monoreactive DTPA derivative","volume":"39","author":"Arano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1021\/bc970158h","article-title":"Identification of the soluble in vivo metabolites of indium-111-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-d-Phe1-octreotide","volume":"9","author":"Bass","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"2024103110035219500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"Dubois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal. 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