{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:08:28Z","timestamp":1749200908822,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]],"date-time":"1999-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":928195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The permeability barrier function of cell-culture membranes to the permeation of nitroglycerine was evaluated to find an alternative to skin from man for ex-vivo skin-permeation tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The membranes were prepared, under submerged conditions, by inducing the growth of keratinocytes, from different donors, on a film of esterified jaluronic acid for different times (10, 20 and 30 days). Their permeability barrier functions were compared with those of some of the most widely used artificial membranes, silicone rubber (Silastic), cellulosic material (Cuprophan, Millipore HAWP), polysulphone membrane (Supor) and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (TF-PTFE), and with those of biological membranes such as fresh and frozen skin, stratum corneum and epidermis from man, and hairless mouse skin. For each membrane the permeation profile was obtained and the flux was calculated. The permeation profiles for nitroglycerine were similar and linear in the first 2-3h for all the synthetic membranes tested except TF-PTFE. For this membrane the profile was linear throughout the period considered and the amount permeating in 24h (1603 \u03bcg cm\u22122) was significantly lower than those obtained for the other artificial membranes (between 1926 and 2508 \u03bcg cm\u22122). The amounts permeating through all the biological membranes in 24h were in the range 520 to 781 \u03bcg cm\u22122, except those for the keratinocyte-culture membranes, which were in the range 1730 to 2553 \u03bcg cm\u22122. Prolonging the growth period of cultured keratinocytes did not affect nitroglycerine permeation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The findings suggest that these keratinocyte-culture membranes have some advantages\u2014good reproducibility if obtained from the same donor; many membranes can be obtained from the same donor; the preparation is simple; they can be handled more easily than traditional cell-culture membranes; and they afford constant penetration rates for a longer period than synthetic membranes. The membranes could be used for preliminary in-vitro permeation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,18]],"date-time":"2003-07-18T23:43:52Z","timestamp":1058571832000},"page":"673-678","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparison of Different Membranes with Cultures of Keratinocytes from Man for Percutaneous Absorption of Nitroglycerine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Minghetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica , Viale Abruzzi 42, Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Casiraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica , Viale Abruzzi 42, Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cilurzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica , Viale Abruzzi 42, Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica , Viale Abruzzi 42, Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Marazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Niguarda \u201cCa' Granda\u201d, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3 , Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonarda","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Niguarda \u201cCa' Granda\u201d, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3 , Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Niguarda \u201cCa' Granda\u201d, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3 , Milano,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600751115","article-title":"Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies VII: use of excized human skin","volume":"75","author":"Bronaugh","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit2","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Dissolution test for transdermal patches","author":"European Pharmacopoeia","year":"1997"},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1021\/js9700457","article-title":"Evaluation of transdermal penetration enhancers using a novel skin alternative","volume":"86","author":"Godwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(91)90035-M","article-title":"In vitro assessments of transdermal devices containing nitroglycerine","volume":"73","author":"Hadgraft","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(93)90311-3","article-title":"In vitro-in vivo comparisons in the transdermal delivery of nitroglycerine","volume":"89","author":"Hadgraft","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04363.x","article-title":"Effects of freezing on human skin permeability","volume":"36","author":"Harrison","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3109\/03639049609065950","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro release rates of nitroglycerine by diffusion through a teflon membrane to the USP method","volume":"22","author":"Juhasz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016381017357","article-title":"Variations of in vitro nitroglycerine permeation through human epidermis","volume":"3","author":"Langguth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1986.tb04479.x","article-title":"An approach to reduce the number of skin samples in testing the transdermal permeation of drugs","volume":"38","author":"Langguth","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit10","first-page":"645","article-title":"Comparison of different animal skins with human skin in drug percutaneous penetration studies","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000210859","article-title":"Nitroglycerine and sucrose permeability as quality markers for reconstructed human epidermis","volume":"3","author":"Ponec","year":"1990","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600820414","article-title":"Barrier function of human skin and human reconstructed epidermis","volume":"82","author":"Regnier","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit13","first-page":"163","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of transdermal drug delivery","volume":"41","author":"Shah","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit14","first-page":"101","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption\u2014animal skin models versus in vitro models using human skin","volume-title":"Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery","author":"Tiemessen","year":"1993"},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit15","first-page":"25","article-title":"Individual and regional variation with in vitro percutaneous absorption","volume-title":"In vitro Percutaneous Absorption: Principles","author":"Wester","year":"1991"},{"key":"2024103110030574500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600811204","article-title":"In vitro release of nitroglycerine from topical products by use of artificial membranes","volume":"81","author":"Wu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharm. 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