{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T11:10:01Z","timestamp":1730373001131,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim of this study was to optimize a dry powder inhaler formulation containing a new mucoactive drug, nacystelyn. Formulations were made using three types of lactose, crystalline \u03b1-lactose, spray-dried lactose and a roller-dried anhydrous \u03b2-lactose. The roller-dried anhydrous \u03b2-lactose possessed the most adequate surface properties, resulting in a significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in-vitro lung deposition of nacystelyn than the conventional crystalline \u03b1-lactose and spray-dried lactose. The particle size distribution of roller-dried \u03b1-lactose was optimized also. Within the size ranges tested (63\u2013100, 90\u2013125 and 100\u2013160 \u03bcm), the coarser the lactose, the higher the in-vitro deposition of the drug (up to 40%). In contrast, the in-vitro lung deposition of 100\u2013160 \u03bcm roller-dried \u03b2-lactose was very low (&amp;lt; 0.5%), so limiting the potential risk of lung irritation due to the carrier. The influence of the ratio of active ingredient\/excipient (w\/w) was also investigated. No difference was observed for mixtures from 1:2 to 1:4 while higher dilutions (1:5 and 1:6) showed significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.005) lower deposition results. Finally, the influence of the airflow rate was assessed. No dependence of the fine particle dose was observed between 40 and 80 L min\u22121 while significantly higher results were obtained at 100 L min\u22121.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The dry powder inhaler formulation of nacystelyn using the unusual roller-dried anhydrous \u03b2-lactose resulted in very high and reproducible in-vitro deposition results. However, the latter needs to be confirmed by in-vivo studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991776958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T22:04:05Z","timestamp":1033509845000},"page":"1229-1234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Optimization of a Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation of Nacystelyn, a New Mucoactive Agent"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Vanderbist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires SMB , rue de la Pastorale 26-28, 1080 Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Wery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires SMB , rue de la Pastorale 26-28, 1080 Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Moyano-Pavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoires SMB , rue de la Pastorale 26-28, 1080 Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Mo\u00ebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles , 1050 Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103110042558400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829408959755","article-title":"Medical aerosol inhalers: past, present and future","volume":"22","author":"Clark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. 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Sci."},{"key":"2024103110042558400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998909115211","article-title":"Comparison of lactose free formulation of sodium cromoglycate and sodium cromoglycate plus lactose in the treatment of asthma","volume":"11","author":"Edwards","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Resp. Opin."},{"volume-title":"Note for guidance on dry powder inhalers","year":"1998","author":"EMEA","key":"2024103110042558400_cit7"},{"key":"2024103110042558400_cit8","first-page":"165","article-title":"Dry powder inhalers","author":"Ganderton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. 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