{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:06:05Z","timestamp":1791320765486,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is used to treat acute respiratory failure. Nebulised drugs can be delivered concurrently with NIV or during breaks from ventilatory support. We hypothesised that the amount of nebulised salbutamol inhaled when delivered via bi-level ventilation would be no different to the amount available directly from the same nebuliser. A standard bi-level ventilation circuit was attached to a lung model simulating adult respiration. Drug delivery was compared when salbutamol (5 mg) was nebulised at different positions in the circuit and separately, with no ventilator. The amount of salbutamol contained in various particle size fractions was also determined. Nebuliser position within the NIV circuit was critically important for drug delivery. Optimal delivery of salbutamol occurred with the expiration port between the facemask and nebuliser (647 \u00b1 67 \u03bcg). This was significantly better than nebulisation without the ventilator (424 \u00b1 61 \u03bcg; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Delivery when the nebuliser was positioned between the facemask and expiration port was 544 \u00b1 85 \u03bcg. The amount of salbutamol contained in particles &amp;lt; 5 \u03bcm was significantly increased when the nebuliser was used in conjunction with bi-level ventilation (576 \u00b1 60 \u03bcg vs 300 \u00b1 43 \u03bcg, P &amp;lt; 0.001). We conclude that nebulised bronchodilator therapy, using a Cirrus jet nebuliser, during bi-level ventilation increases respirable particles likely to be inhaled when the nebuliser is optimally positioned within the circuit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.11.0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]],"date-time":"2006-11-14T00:24:43Z","timestamp":1163463883000},"page":"1553-1557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Enhanced delivery of nebulised salbutamol during non-invasive ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Lori D","family":"Calvert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Nottingham , Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Division of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary , Leicester, LE2 7LX,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy A","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Division of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary , Leicester, LE2 7LX,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Division of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary , Leicester, LE2 7LX,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Kinnear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Nottingham , Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"O'Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Division of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary , Leicester, LE2 7LX,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109352003100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020463","article-title":"Drug output from nebulisers is dependent on the method of measurement","volume":"12","author":"Barry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. 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