{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:42:55Z","timestamp":1780983775879,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The efficacy of topical formulations of the 8-aminoquinoline, sitamaquine dihydrochloride, in both in-vitro and in in-vivo models of cutaneous leishmaniasis is reported. In-vitro parasite assays confirmed that sitamaquine dihydrochloride was active against a range of Leishmania species that cause either cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis, with ED50 values against amastigotes over the range of 2.9 to 19.0\u03bcM. A range of topical sitamaquine dihydrochloride formulations (anhydrous gel, emulsions) were developed for studies on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis using only topically acceptable excipients orthose currently undergoing regulatory approval. An uptake study into murine skin confirmed in-vitro skin penetration and retention. Several formulations were tested in-vivo against Leishmania major cutaneous lesions in BALB\/c mice. None of the sitamaquine dihydrochloride formulations tested appeared to either slow lesion progression or reduce parasite burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.8.0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,23]],"date-time":"2006-07-23T23:46:55Z","timestamp":1153698415000},"page":"1043-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["In-vitro and in-vivo studies on a topical formulation of sitamaquine dihydrochloride for cutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tracy","family":"Garnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire , College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc B","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Kings College , London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Jayne","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Kings College , London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon L","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109343332100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1997.11813217","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with antimony: intramuscular versus intralesional administration","volume":"91","author":"Alkhawajah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. 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