{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:26:48Z","timestamp":1760549208843},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.48.1.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,13]],"date-time":"2012-05-13T13:26:01Z","timestamp":1336915561000},"page":"4-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Evaluation of Neuromuscular Symptoms in Veterans of the Persian Gulf War"],"prefix":"10.1212","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A. A.","family":"Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"McVey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. C.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kleingunther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Worley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cornman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kagan-Hallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Health consequences of service during the Persian Gulf War: initial findings and recommendations for immediate action. Washington DC: National Academy Press 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"4","volume":"44","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kiser KW, Joseph S, Moll M, Rankin JT. Unexplained illness among Persian Gulf war veterans in an Air National Guard unit: preliminary report, August 1990-March 1995. JAMA 1995;274:16-17 and MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995;44:443-447.","journal-title":"JAMA 1995;274:16-17 and MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520250012002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520010009001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430010004001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"3","volume":"156","year":"1991","unstructured":"Baker MS, Strunk HK. Medical aspects of Persian Gulf operations: serious infectious and communicable diseases of the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabian peninsula. Mil Med 1991;156:385-390.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101033240102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"1","volume":"267","year":"1992","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. Viscerotropic leishmaniasis in persons returning from Operation Desert Storm, 1990-1991. JAMA 1992;267:1444-1446.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301073280101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307013290101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendell JR Florence J. Manual muscle testing. Muscle Nerve 1990;13(Suppl):S16-S20.","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880131307"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griggs RC Mendell JR Miller RG. Evaluation and treatment of myopathies. Philadelphia: FA Davis 1995:252.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199509000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"3","volume":"12","year":"1994","unstructured":"Howard JF Jr, Sanders DB, Massey JM. The electrodiagnosis of myasthenia gravis and the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurol Clin 1994;12:305-330.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Buchthal F. An introduction to electromyography. Copenhagen: Scandinavian University Books 1957."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"3","volume":"85","year":"1992","unstructured":"Trontelj JV, Stalberg EV. Jitter measurement by axonal microstimulation: guidelines and technical notes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992;85:30-37.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"4","volume":"15","year":"1992","unstructured":"Trontelj JV, Stalberg EV, Mihelin M, et al. Jitter of the stimulated motor axon. Muscle Nerve 1992;15:449-454.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","first-page":"3","volume":"12","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jabre JF, Chirico-Post J, Weiner M. Stimulation SFEMG in myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 1989;12:38-42.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","first-page":"6","volume":"49","year":"1986","unstructured":"Trontelj JV, Mihelin M, Fernandez M, Stalberg EV. Axonal stimulation for end-plate jitter studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:677-685.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","unstructured":"Banker BQ Engel AG. Basic reactions of muscle. In: Engel AG Franzini-Armstrong C eds. Myology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill 1994:855-856."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"Fardeau M Tome FMS. Congenital myopathies. In: Engel AG Franzini-Armstrong C eds. Myology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill 1994:1516-1519."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","unstructured":"Griggs RC Mendell JR Miller RG. Evaluation and treatment of myopathies. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company 1995:233-236."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"Griggs RC Mendell JR Miller RG. Evaluation and treatment of myopathies. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company 1995:392-394."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"5","volume":"79","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wong ET, Cobb C, Umehara MK, et al. Heterogeneity of serum creatine kinase activity among racial and gender groups of the population. Am J Clin Pathol 1983;79:582-586.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"4","volume":"81","year":"1986","unstructured":"Black HR, Quallich H, Gareleck CB. Racial differences in serum creatine kinase levels. Am J Med 1986;81:479-487.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","first-page":"1","volume":"37","year":"1991","unstructured":"Harris EK, Wong ET, Shaw ST. Statistical criteria for separate reference intervals: race and gender groups in creatine kinase. Clin Chem 1991;37:1580-1582.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"9","volume":"26","year":"1967","unstructured":"Odor DL, Patel AN, Pearse LA. Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis with permanent myopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1967;26:98-114.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","first-page":"5","volume":"31","year":"1970","unstructured":"Engel WK, Bishop DW, Cunningham GG. Tubular aggregates in Type 2 muscle fibers: ultrastructural and histochemical correlation. J Ultrastruct Res 1970;31:507-525.","journal-title":"J Ultrastruct Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"2","volume":"104","year":"1981","unstructured":"Morgan-Hughs JA, Lecky BRF, Landon DN, Murray NMF. Alterations in the number and affinity of junctional acetylcholine receptors in a myopathy with tubular aggregates: a newly recognized receptor defect. Brain 1981;104:279-295.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"3","volume":"227","year":"1982","unstructured":"deGroot JG, Arts WF. Familial myopathy with tubular aggregates. J Neurol 1982;227:35-44.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","first-page":"3","volume":"33","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rohkamm R, Boxler K, Ricker K, Jerusalem F. A dominantly inherited myopathy with tubular aggregates. Neurology 1983;33:331-336.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","first-page":"2","volume":"8","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pierobon-Bormioli S, Armani M, Ringel S. Familial neuromuscular disease with tubular aggregates. Muscle Nerve 1985;8:291-298.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","first-page":"2","volume":"37","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schiaffino S, Severin E, Cantini M, Sartore S. Tubular aggregates induced by anoxia in isolated rat skeletal muscle. Lab Invest 1977;37:223-228.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"4","volume":"25","year":"1975","unstructured":"Chui LA, Neustein H, Munsat T. Tubular aggregates in subclinical alcoholic myopathy. Neurology 1975;25:405-412.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","first-page":"2","volume":"56","year":"1982","unstructured":"Del Villar Negro A, Merino Angulo J, Rivera Pomar JM, Aguirre Errasti C. Tubular aggregates in skeletal muscle of chronic alcoholic patients. Acta Neuropathol 1982;56:250-254.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","first-page":"2","volume":"2","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fardeau M, Tome FMS, Simon P. Muscle and nerve changes induced by perhexiline in man and mice. Muscle Nerve 1979;2:24-36.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","first-page":"6","volume":"14","year":"1971","unstructured":"Duchen LW. Changes in the electron microscopic structure of slow and fast muscle fibers of the mouse after local injection of botulinum toxin. J Neurol Sci 1971;14:61-74.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90050-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.23.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060010011003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","first-page":"8","volume":"48","year":"1985","unstructured":"Niakan E, Harati Y, Danon MJ. Tubular aggregates: their association with myalgia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:882-886.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","first-page":"7","volume":"37","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lazaro RP, Fenichel GM, Kilroy AW, Saito A, Fleisher S. Cramps, muscle pain, and tubular aggregates. Arch Neurol 1980;37:715-717.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","first-page":"2","volume":"8","year":"1985","unstructured":"Salvieti G, Pierobon-Bormioli S, Betto R, et al. Tubular aggregates: sarcoplasmic reticulum origin, calcium storage ability, and functional implications. Muscle Nerve 1985;8:299-306.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","first-page":"2","volume":"14","year":"1991","unstructured":"Martin DE, Mather K, Swash M, Gray AB. Expression of heat shock protein epitopes in tubular aggregates. Muscle Nerve 1991;14:219-225.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","first-page":"7","volume":"58","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mills KR, Edwards RHT. Investigative strategies for muscle pain. J Neurol Sci 1983;58:73-88.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","first-page":"1","volume":"15","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bengtsson A, Henriksson K-G, Larsson J. Muscle biopsy in primary fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1986;15:1-6.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","first-page":"8","volume":"32","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ward MD, Forbes MS, Johns TR. Neostigmine methylsulfate: does it have a chronic effect as well as a transient one? Arch Neurol 1975;32:808-814.","journal-title":"Neostigmine methylsulfate: does it have a chronic effect as well as a transient one? Arch Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","unstructured":"Griggs RC Mendell JR Miller RG. Evaluation and treatment of myopathies. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company 1995:389-407."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","first-page":"5","volume":"46","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bohr T. Problems with myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. Neurology 1996;46:593-597.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yunus M Kalyan-Raman U Kaylan-Raman K et al. Pathologic changes in muscle in primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Am J Med 1986;81(suppl 3A):38-42.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90872-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00029-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199305010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","unstructured":"Komaroff AL Goldenberg D. The chronic fatigue syndrome: definition current studies and lessons for fibromyalgia research. J Rheumatol 1989;16(suppl 19):23-27."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press 1994:445-469."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","first-page":"6","volume":"268","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bleich A, Dycian A, Koslowsky M, Solomaon Z, Weiner M. Psychiatric implications of missile attacks on a civilian population: Israeli lessons from the Persian Gulf War. JAMA 1992;268:613-615.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","first-page":"5","volume":"8","year":"1993","unstructured":"Perconte ST, Wilson AT, Pontius EB, Dietrick AL, Spiro KJ. Psychological and war stress symptoms among deployed and non-deployed reservists following the Persian Gulf War. Mil Med 1993;8:516-521.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","first-page":"8","volume":"43","year":"1992","unstructured":"McDuff DR, Johnson JL. Classification and characteristics of army stress casualties during Operation Desert Storm. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992;43:812-815.","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","first-page":"8","volume":"43","year":"1992","unstructured":"Labbate LA, Snow MP. Posttraumatic stress symptoms among soldiers exposed to combat in the Persian Gulf. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992;43:831-833.","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","first-page":"5","volume":"94","year":"1993","unstructured":"Culclasure TF, Enzenauer RJ, West SG. Post-traumatic stress disorder presenting as fibromyalgia. Am J Med 1993;94:548-549.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamal GA Hansen S Apartopoulos F Peden A. The \"Gulf War syndrome.\" Is there evidence of dysfunction in the nervous system? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:441-449.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.4.449"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.1.1"}],"container-title":["Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1212\/WNL.48.1.4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T10:05:03Z","timestamp":1711533903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/10.1212\/WNL.48.1.4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1212\/WNL.48.1.4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.48.1.4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3878","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-632X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}