{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:18:49Z","timestamp":1790705929810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.50.4.890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,13]],"date-time":"2012-05-13T13:33:19Z","timestamp":1336915999000},"page":"890-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Cerebral infarction in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1212","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"S. J.","family":"Kittner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Earley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. R.","family":"Feeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. F.","family":"Macko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"McCarter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sherwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Wityk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (Drs. Kittner, Macko, Price, Sloan, and Wozniak, and B.R. Feeser) and the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (Drs. Kittner, Price, Sloan, and R.J. McCarter), University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD; the Department of Neurology (Drs. Buccholz, Earley, Johnson, and Wityk), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Stern), Emory University, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"1","volume":"14","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hart RG, Miller VT. Cerebral infarction in young adults: a practical approach. Stroke 1983;14:110-114.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"4","volume":"52","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adams HP Jr., Kappelle LJ, Biller J, et al. Ischemic stroke in young adults. Experience in 329 patients enrolled in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults. Arch Neurol 1995;52:491-495.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"7","volume":"335","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kittner SJ, Stern BJ, Feeser BR, et al. Stroke risk associated with pregnancy and the post-pregnancy period. N Engl J Med 1996;335:768-771.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"4","volume":"26","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnson CJ, Kittner SJ, McCarter RJ, et al. Interrater reliability of an etiologic classification of ischemic stroke. Stroke 1995;26:46-51.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Census of Population. Characteristics of Washington DC. Washington DC: GPO CP-1-10 1992."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Census of Population. Characteristics of Maryland. Washington DC: GPO CP-1-22 1992."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","first-page":"5","volume":"54","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hatano S. Experience from a multicenter stroke register: a preliminary report. Bull World Health Organ 1976;54:541-553.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"6","volume":"19","year":"1988","unstructured":"Foulkes MA, Wolf PA, Price TR, Mohr JP, Hier DB. The Stroke Data Bank: design, methods, and baseline characteristics. Stroke 1988;19:647-554.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"2","volume":"80","year":"1989","unstructured":"Alvarez J, Matias-Gulu J, Sumalla J, et al. Ischemic stroke in young adults. I. Analysis of the etiological subgroups. Acta Neurol Scand 1989;80:28-34.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"4","volume":"145","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gautier JC, Pradat-Diehl P, Loron PH, et al. Accidents vasculaires cerebraux des sujets jeunes. Une etude de 133 patients ages de 9 a 45 ans. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1989;145:437-442.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"3","volume":"89","year":"1994","unstructured":"Awada A. Stroke in Saudi Arabian young adults: a study of 120 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;89:323-328.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607043350102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"4","volume":"348","year":"1996","unstructured":"WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Ischemic Stroke and Combined Oral Contraceptive: Results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. Lancet 1996;348:498-505.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"8","volume":"113","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaku DA, Lowenstein DH. Emergence of recreational drug abuse as a major risk factor for stroke in young adults. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:821-827.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.6_Suppl_8.S3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1988.0801001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","unstructured":"Stern BJ Wityk RJ. Stroke in the young. In: Gilman S Goldstein GW Waxman SG eds. Neurobase. La Jolla CA: Arbor Publishing 1995."}],"container-title":["Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1212\/WNL.50.4.890","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T15:40:01Z","timestamp":1711640401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/10.1212\/WNL.50.4.890"}},"subtitle":["The Baltimore-Washington Cooperative Young Stroke Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1212\/WNL.50.4.890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.50.4.890","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3878","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-632X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}}}