{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:57:44Z","timestamp":1792515464664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A report by the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) showed that academic anesthesiology has the highest prevalence of sexual harassment among specialties for both men and women. We aimed to explore the prevalence, sources, and impact of sexual harassment on anesthesiologists in academic centers in the United States and Canada. We also sought recommendations for its mitigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anonymous online survey instrument was designed based on a previously published report, yielding 39 questions, including demographics and 4 open-ended questions. The survey was sent via email to Association of University Anesthesiologists (AUA) members, who were encouraged to share across academic anesthesiology departments in the United States and Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 626 responses were received; after exclusion of incomplete and nonfaculty responses, 484 complete survey responses were analyzed. 52.9% of respondents identified as men and 45.9% as women; 3 respondents (0.6%) identified as nonbinary, and 3 respondents (0.6%) preferred not to answer. 43.6% of respondents perceived there is sexual harassment in academic anesthesiology. Significantly more women than men reported presence of sexual harassment in academic medicine (65.3% vs 38.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), in academic anesthesiology (59.5% vs 30.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), and in their place of work (37.8% vs 18.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). 14.5% of men and 43.2% of women had experienced sexual harassment at least once in the past 12 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). 43.7% of women reported ever experiencing unwanted physical contact in the workplace compared to 16.8% of men; 74.3% of women reported ever experiencing verbal or nonverbal conduct in the workplace related to gender that caused embarrassment, distress, or offense compared to 24.6% of men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). 8.2% of men reported feeling their clinical ability doubted, compared to 87.8% of women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Experiences of sexual harassment were most consistent with verbal and nonverbal behaviors that convey hostility, objectification, or exclusion of members of one gender. Colleagues from anesthesiology were most likely to be reported as the source of sexual harassment (44.6% of unwanted physical contact, 59% of verbal or nonverbal conduct). The impact was described along 4 themes: emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and professional. Participants made recommendations for eliminating sexual harassment by raising awareness, providing education, establishing reporting, offering support, and ensuring accountability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This survey confirms the high prevalence of sexual harassment in academic anesthesiology. The most common sources are anesthesiology colleagues. The recommendations for leaders and institutions include creating a professional environment free from harassment with support for targets and accountability for instigators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000007282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T13:00:44Z","timestamp":1735822844000},"page":"856-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sexual Harassment in Academic Anesthesiology: A Survey of Prevalence, Sources, Impact, and Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1213","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Maya J.","family":"Hastie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Mittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Szokol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Whittington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine at UCLA, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bustillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York , New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahla","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Straker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Armstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine","family":"Wiener-Kronish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelcie","family":"Jewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Mashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250916","article-title":"Sexism in medicine."},{"key":"R2-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00316-6","article-title":"Sexual misconduct in medicine must end.","volume":"399","author":"Bagenal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20250916","article-title":"Sexual harassment of women: climate, culture, and consequences in academic sciences, engineering, and medicine."},{"key":"R6-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASM.0000925020.07308.aa","article-title":"This is not acceptable.","volume":"87","author":"Mashour","year":"2023","journal-title":"ASA Monitor"},{"key":"R7-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.7766","article-title":"#MedToo: a large-scale examination of the incidence and impact of sexual harassment of physicians and other faculty at an Academic Medical Center.","volume":"29","author":"Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"R8-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006538","article-title":"Survey validation for measuring perceptions of work-related factors that influence career paths of men and women in academic anesthesiology.","volume":"138","author":"Hastie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R9-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017","article-title":"Determination and quantification of content validity.","volume":"35","author":"Lynn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"R10-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2022.0290","article-title":"Why gender-based bullying is normalized in academic medicine: experiences and perspectives of women physician leaders.","volume":"32","author":"Iyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"R11-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.31486\/toj.19.0019","article-title":"Sexual harassment in the house of medicine and correlations to burnout: a cross-sectional survey.","volume":"19","author":"Mathews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"R12-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0487","article-title":"Impact of sexual harassment and social support on burnout in physician mothers.","volume":"31","author":"Linos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"R13-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0258471","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258471","article-title":"Hospital work environments affect the patient safety climate: a longitudinal follow-up using a logistic regression analysis model.","volume":"16","author":"Brubakk","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R15-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1810","article-title":"Characteristics of faculty accused of academic sexual misconduct in the biomedical and health sciences.","volume":"323","author":"Espinoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R16-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006657","article-title":"The women in cardiothoracic anesthesiology special interest group: what can the lessons of one anesthesiology affinity group tell us about how to build impactful professional communities?","volume":"137","author":"Methangkool","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R17-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP2490","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520903130","article-title":"Prevention strategies for sexual harassment in academic medicine: a qualitative study.","volume":"37","author":"Jenner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"R19-20250916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005218","article-title":"Disruptive behavior in medicine: sources, impact, and management.","volume":"131","author":"Hastie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia &amp; 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