{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:23:09Z","timestamp":1786123389904,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring has been advocated to deal with residual neuromuscular block. Phonomyography (PMG) is a technology that captures the acoustic signals yielded by muscle contraction, which is easy to use, anti-interference, and has multiple alternative monitoring sites. Our previous study has developed a PMG prototype for neuromuscular monitoring, and its feasibility was preliminarily verified, but further study on its clinical reliability with different neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBs) is needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n This single-center, prospective, observational study compared the effect of a PMG prototype and TOF-Watch SX on neuromuscular monitoring of the ipsilateral adductor pollicis muscle with the use of non-depolarizing and depolarizing NMBs among 102 surgical patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups by NMBs, namely Group C (cisatricurium), Group V (vecuronium), and Group S (succinylcholine). The PMG prototype and TOF-Watch SX were placed at ipsilateral hand of each individual and measured data from NMBs administration to a stable train-of-four ratio (TOFr) \u2265 0.9 or\n T<\/jats:italic>\n value \u2265 0.9 were compared.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Eighty patients were included in the data analysis. For non-depolarizing NMBs, the PMG prototype recorded a longer onset time compared to TOF-Watch SX (median [interquartile range, IQR], 210 [180\u2013240] seconds vs 150 [135\u2013180] seconds,\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n .001, mean bias 48 [40\u201355]; mean \u00b1 [standard deviation, SD], 197 \u00b1 48 seconds vs 159 \u00b1 36 seconds,\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n .001, mean bias 38 [28\u201348]; for Group C and Group V, respectively) and a shorter full recovery time (4014 \u00b1 511 seconds vs 5072 \u00b1 713 seconds,\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n .001, mean bias \u22121058 [\u22121215 to \u2212901], 3352 \u00b1 791 seconds vs 4931 \u00b1 902 seconds,\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n .001, mean bias \u22121084 [\u22121237 to \u2212931], for Group C and Group V, respectively). For depolarizing NMBs, the results were similar (94 \u00b1 26 seconds vs 80 \u00b1 25 seconds,\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n .001, mean bias 15 [10\u201319] for onset time; 447 \u00b1 126 seconds vs 689 \u00b1 223 seconds,\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n .001, mean bias \u2212242 [\u2212294 to \u2212191] for full recovery time).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n When non-depolarizing NMBs were administered, the PMG prototype measured a significantly longer onset and a shorter recovery time compared with TOF-Watch SX. The same trend was also found when depolarizing NMBs were administered. The PMG prototype is clinical feasible and stable but not interchangeable with TOF-Watch SX.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000007648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T17:03:14Z","timestamp":1753981394000},"page":"264-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Phonomyography Prototype With Train-of-Four Watch SX for Neuromuscular Monitoring: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1213","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From theDepartment of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From theDepartment of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From theDepartment of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From theDepartment of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004379","article-title":"2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade.","volume":"138","author":"Thilen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R2-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15501","article-title":"Recommendations for standards of monitoring during anaesthesia and recovery 2021: Guideline from the Association of 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