{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:22:38Z","timestamp":1786123358433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31817300be","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,16]],"date-time":"2008-05-16T03:06:16Z","timestamp":1210907176000},"page":"1873-1881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Spinal Antinociceptive Effects of Endomorphins in Rats: Behavioral and G Protein Functional Studies"],"prefix":"10.1213","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Traynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chuan","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200207001-00002","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain.","volume":"18","author":"Inturrisi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R2-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-33823-9_2","article-title":"Opioids.","volume":"177","author":"Zollner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"R3-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(00)00204-9","article-title":"Evidence-based review of the literature on intrathecal delivery of pain medication.","volume":"20","author":"Bennett","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R4-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00044","article-title":"Intrathecal drug therapy for chronic pain: from basic science to clinical practice.","volume":"91","author":"Dougherty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R5-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000177101.99398.22","article-title":"The role of intrathecal drugs in the treatment of acute pain.","volume":"101","author":"Rathmell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R6-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00295-3","article-title":"Pharmacology of amphibian opiate peptides.","volume":"21","author":"Negri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R7-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/386499a0","article-title":"A potent and selective endogenous agonist for the \u03bc-opiate receptor.","volume":"386","author":"Zadina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R8-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(97)00259-3","article-title":"Isolation of relatively large amounts of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 from human brain cortex.","volume":"18","author":"Hackler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R9-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(00)00100-5","article-title":"Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2: pharmacology of the selective endogenous \u03bc-opioid receptor agonists.","volume":"88","author":"Horvath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R10-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.59.1.3","article-title":"The endomorphin system and its evolving neurophysiological role.","volume":"59","author":"Fichna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"R11-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37585-8","article-title":"Stimulation of guanosine-5\u2032-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding by endogenous opioids acting at a cloned mu receptor.","volume":"286","author":"Alt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R12-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00395-1","article-title":"Characterization of endomorphin-1 and -2 on [35S]GTP\u03b3S binding in the mouse spinal cord.","volume":"351","author":"Narita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R13-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01556-2","article-title":"Specific G protein activation and mu-opioid receptor internalization caused by morphine, DAMGO and endomorphin-1.","volume":"342","author":"Burford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R14-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.04.079","article-title":"[35S]GTP\u03b3S binding stimulated by endomorphin-2 and morphiceptin analogs.","volume":"345","author":"Fichna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"R15-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199709290-00025","article-title":"Spinal analgesic actions of the new endogenous opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2.","volume":"8","author":"Stone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"R16-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(99)00532-9","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal endomorphin-1 and -2 in rats.","volume":"65","author":"Horvath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"R17-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00956-X","article-title":"Spinal analgesic action of endomorphins in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats.","volume":"367","author":"Przewlocka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R18-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35327-3","article-title":"Differential antinociceptive effects of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the mouse.","volume":"292","author":"Tseng","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R19-43-20210902","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Characterization of opioid agonist efficacy in a C6 glioma cell line expressing the \u03bc opioid receptor.","volume":"278","author":"Emmerson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R20-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.51.1.87","article-title":"\u03bc-opioid receptor-stimulated guanosine-5\u2032-O-(gamma-thio)-triphosphate binding in rat thalamus and cultured cell lines: signal transduction mechanisms underlying agonist efficacy.","volume":"51","author":"Selley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R21-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70041567.x","article-title":"Endomorphin-stimulated [35S]GTP\u03b3S binding in rat brain: Evidence for partial agonist activity at \u03bc-opioid receptors.","volume":"70","author":"Sim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R22-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.050625","article-title":"Studies of \u03bc-, \u03ba-, and \u03b4-opioid receptor density and G protein activation in the cortex and thalamus of monkeys.","volume":"306","author":"Ko","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R23-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050534","article-title":"In vivo apparent affinity and efficacy estimates for mu opiates in a rat tail-withdrawal assay.","volume":"136","author":"Walker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"R24-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00083-4","article-title":"Lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus block supraspinal opioid delta receptor mediated antinociception in the rat.","volume":"83","author":"Kovelowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R25-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200404000-00021","article-title":"Antiallodynic effects of systemic and intrathecal morphine in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in rats.","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R26-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90200-U","article-title":"Antinociceptive and motor effects of delta\/mu and kappa\/mu combinations of intrathecal opioid agonists.","volume":"49","author":"Miaskowski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R27-43-20210902","first-page":"255","article-title":"Nor-binaltorphimine, a highly selective kappa-opioid antagonist in analgesic and receptor binding assays.","volume":"246","author":"Takemori","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R28-43-20210902","first-page":"852","article-title":"A novel, potent and selective nonpeptidic delta opioid receptor agonist BW373U86.","volume":"267","author":"Chang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R29-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200311000-00002","article-title":"Characterization of scratching responses in rats following centrally administered morphine or bombesin.","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav Pharamcol"},{"key":"R30-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04621.x","article-title":"Endogenous opioids upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA through \u03b4- and \u03bc-opioid receptors independent of antidepressant-like effect.","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"R31-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12626.x","article-title":"Spinal antinociceptive actions of mu- and kappa-opioids: the importance of stimulus intensity in determining \u201cselectivity\u201d between reflexes to different modalities of noxious stimulus.","volume":"98","author":"Parsons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R32-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38224-2","article-title":"Sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of mu opioids: role of strain of rat, stimulus intensity, and intrinsic efficacy at the mu opioid receptor.","volume":"289","author":"Morgan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R33-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00272-0","article-title":"Relationship of mu opioid receptor binding to activation of G-proteins in specific rat brain regions.","volume":"59","author":"Maher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R34-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199308000-00010","article-title":"Suppression of nociceptive responses by spinal mu opioid agonists: effects of stimulus intensity and agonist efficacy.","volume":"77","author":"Saeki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R35-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00006-E","article-title":"Differential right shifts in the dose-response curve for intrathecal morphine and sufentanil as a function of stimulus intensity.","volume":"62","author":"Dirig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R36-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01238-9","article-title":"Differential antinociceptive effects induced by intrathecally administered endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the mouse.","volume":"427","author":"Sakurada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R37-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00100-6","article-title":"In vitro quantitative study of the degredation of endomorphins","volume":"23","author":"Tomboly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R38-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00391-5","article-title":"Degradation of endomorphin-2 at the supraspinal level in mice is initiated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV: an in vitro and in vivo assay.","volume":"66","author":"Sakurada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R39-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.06.015","article-title":"Enzymatic degradation studies of endomorphin-2 and its analogs containing N-methylated amino acids.","volume":"27","author":"Janecka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"R40-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.01.010","article-title":"Inhibition by endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 of excitatory transmission in adult rat substantia gelatinosa neurons.","volume":"139","author":"Fujita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R41-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00689-5","article-title":"Analgesic effects of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the formalin test in mice.","volume":"67","author":"Soignier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"R42-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00221-2","article-title":"Treatment of chronic allodynia in spinally injured rats: effects of intrathecal selective opioid receptor agonists.","volume":"75","author":"Hao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R43-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.061101","article-title":"The role of central mu opioid receptors in opioid-induced itch in primates.","volume":"310","author":"Ko","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R44-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.78.337","article-title":"Itch-associated response and antinociception induced by intracisternal endomorphins in mice.","volume":"78","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R45-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/med.2610110402","article-title":"Opioid receptors and endogenous opioid peptides.","volume":"11","author":"Simon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"R46-43-20210902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37567-6","article-title":"Dynorphin A as a potential endogenous ligand for four members of the opioid receptor gene family.","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia & Analgesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1213\/ane.0b013e31817300be","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:27:48Z","timestamp":1786112868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000539-200806000-00043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ane.0b013e31817300be","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}