{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:53:32Z","timestamp":1767970412847,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can be used to counteract intraoperative anesthesia-induced atelectasis. Variable ventilation can stabilize lung mechanics by avoiding the monotonic tidal volume and protect lung parenchyma as tidal recruitment is encompassed within the tidal volume variability.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Forty-nine (7 per group) male Wistar rats were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. A recruitment maneuver followed by stepwise decremental PEEP titration was performed while continuously estimating respiratory system mechanics using recursive least squares. After a new recruitment, animals were ventilated for 2 hours in volume-control with monotonic (VCV) or variable (VV) tidal volumes. PEEP was adjusted at a level corresponding to the minimum elastance or 2 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O above or below this level. Lungs were harvested for histologic analysis (left lung) and cytokines measurement (right lung). Seven animals were euthanized before the first recruitment as controls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A time-dependent increase in respiratory system elastance was observed and significantly minimized by PEEP (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Variable ventilation attenuated the amount of concentrations of proinflammatory mediators in lung homogenate: neutrophil cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (VV = 40 \u00b1 5 and VCV = 57 \u00b1 8 pg\/mg; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001) and interleukin-1\u03b2 (VV = 59 \u00b1 25 and VCV = 261 \u00b1 113 pg\/mg; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001). Variable ventilation was also associated with lower structural lung parenchyma damage. Significant reductions in air fraction at dorsal and caudal lung regions were observed in all ventilated animals (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Variable ventilation was more protective than conventional ventilation within the applied PEEP levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000003582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T20:48:10Z","timestamp":1529700490000},"page":"784-791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Variable Ventilation Associated With Recruitment Maneuver Minimizes Tissue Damage and Pulmonary Inflammation in Anesthetized Lung-Healthy Rats"],"prefix":"10.1213","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Luciana Mois\u00e9s","family":"Camilo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Casulari","family":"Motta-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate School and Research in Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}]},{"given":"Mariana Barcellos","family":"de \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe Santos Cruz","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Mariana Boechat","family":"de Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alysson Roncally","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate School and Research in Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}]},{"given":"Walter Araujo","family":"Zin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197006042822311","article-title":"The lung\u2019s \u201cquiet zone\u201d.","volume":"282","author":"Mead","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20230721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200504000-00021","article-title":"Pulmonary atelectasis: a pathogenic perioperative entity.","volume":"102","author":"Duggan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R3-20230721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06070971","article-title":"Surfactant inhibition by plasma proteins: differential sensitivity of various 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