{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:00:29Z","timestamp":1791396029690,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Mathematical Statistics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann. Statist."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This work investigates multiple testing by considering minimax separation rates in the sparse sequence model, when the testing risk is measured as the sum FDR+FNR (False Discovery Rate plus False Negative Rate). First, using the popular beta-min separation condition, with all nonzero signals separated from 0 by at least some amount, we determine the sharp minimax testing risk asymptotically and thereby explicitly describe the transition from \u201cachievable multiple testing with vanishing risk\u201d to \u201cimpossible multiple testing.\u201d Adaptive multiple testing procedures achieving the corresponding optimal boundary are provided: the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg procedure with a properly tuned level, and an empirical Bayes \u2113-value (\u2018local FDR\u2019) procedure. We prove that the FDR and FNR make nonsymmetric contributions to the testing risk for most optimal procedures, the FNR part being dominant at the boundary. The multiple testing hardness is then investigated for classes of arbitrary sparse signals. A number of extensions, including results for classification losses and convergence rates in the case of large signals, are also investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1214\/24-aos2404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T01:50:27Z","timestamp":1728006627000},"page":"1564-1591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sharp multiple testing boundary for sparse sequences"],"prefix":"10.1214","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kweku","family":"Abraham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isma\u00ebl","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Probabilit\u00e9s, Statistique et Mod\u00e9lisation (LPSM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9tienne","family":"Roquain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Probabilit\u00e9s, Statistique et Mod\u00e9lisation (LPSM), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"108","reference":[{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Ingster, Y. I.<\/small>, <small>Tsybakov, A. B.<\/small> and <small>Verzelen, N.<\/small> (2010). Detection boundary in sparse regression. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>4<\/b> 1476\u20131526.","DOI":"10.1214\/10-EJS589"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>GENOVESE, C.<\/small> and <small>WASSERMAN, L.<\/small> (2002). Operating characteristics and extensions of the false discovery rate procedure. <i>J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B. Stat. Methodol.<\/i> <b>64<\/b> 499\u2013517.","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00347"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>HELLER, R.<\/small> and <small>ROSSET, S.<\/small> (2021). Optimal control of false discovery criteria in the two-group model. <i>J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B. Stat. Methodol.<\/i> <b>83<\/b> 133\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12403"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Nickl, R.<\/small> and <small>van de Geer, S.<\/small> (2013). Confidence sets in sparse regression. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>41<\/b> 2852\u20132876.","DOI":"10.1214\/13-AOS1170"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"<small>Baraud, Y.<\/small> (2002). Non-asymptotic minimax rates of testing in signal detection. <i>Bernoulli<\/i> <b>8<\/b> 577\u2013606."},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Ingster, Y. I.<\/small> and <small>Suslina, I. A.<\/small> (2003). <i>Nonparametric Goodness-of-Fit Testing Under Gaussian Models<\/i>. <i>Lecture Notes in Statistics<\/i> <b>169<\/b>. Springer, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21580-8"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Butucea, C.<\/small> and <small>Stepanova, N.<\/small> (2017). Adaptive variable selection in nonparametric sparse additive models. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>11<\/b> 2321\u20132357.","DOI":"10.1214\/17-EJS1275"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Gin\u00e9, E.<\/small> and <small>Nickl, R.<\/small> (2016). <i>Mathematical Foundations of Infinite-Dimensional Statistical Models<\/i>. <i>Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics<\/i>. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107337862"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>JOHNSTONE, I. M.<\/small> and <small>SILVERMAN, B. W.<\/small> (2004). Needles and straw in haystacks: Empirical Bayes estimates of possibly sparse sequences. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>32<\/b> 1594\u20131649.","DOI":"10.1214\/009053604000000030"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>SU, W.<\/small> and <small>CAND\u00c8S, E.<\/small> (2016). SLOPE is adaptive to unknown sparsity and asymptotically minimax. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>44<\/b> 1038\u20131068.","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOS1397"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>ARIAS-CASTRO, E.<\/small>, <small>CAND\u00c8S, E. J.<\/small> and <small>PLAN, Y.<\/small> (2011). Global testing under sparse alternatives: ANOVA, multiple comparisons and the higher criticism. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>39<\/b> 2533\u20132556.","DOI":"10.1214\/11-AOS910"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<small>JIN, J.<\/small> and <small>KE, Z. T.<\/small> (2016). Rare and weak effects in large-scale inference: Methods and phase diagrams. <i>Statist. Sinica<\/i> <b>26<\/b> 1\u201334.","DOI":"10.5705\/ss.2014.138"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>ABRAMOVICH, F.<\/small>, <small>BENJAMINI, Y.<\/small>, <small>DONOHO, D. L.<\/small> and <small>JOHNSTONE, I. M.<\/small> (2006). Adapting to unknown sparsity by controlling the false discovery rate. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>34<\/b> 584\u2013653.","DOI":"10.1214\/009053606000000074"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>CAI, T. T.<\/small> and <small>SUN, W.<\/small> (2009). Simultaneous testing of grouped hypotheses: Finding needles in multiple haystacks. <i>J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.<\/i> <b>104<\/b> 1467\u20131481.","DOI":"10.1198\/jasa.2009.tm08415"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>SUN, W.<\/small> and <small>CAI, T. T.<\/small> (2007). Oracle and adaptive compound decision rules for false discovery rate control. <i>J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.<\/i> <b>102<\/b> 901\u2013912.","DOI":"10.1198\/016214507000000545"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>BUTUCEA, C.<\/small>, <small>NDAOUD, M.<\/small>, <small>STEPANOVA, N. A.<\/small> and <small>TSYBAKOV, A. B.<\/small> (2018). Variable selection with Hamming loss. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>46<\/b> 1837\u20131875.","DOI":"10.1214\/17-AOS1572"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>ARIAS-CASTRO, E.<\/small> and <small>CHEN, S.<\/small> (2017). Distribution-free multiple testing. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>11<\/b> 1983\u20132001.","DOI":"10.1214\/17-EJS1277"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>BENJAMINI, Y.<\/small> and <small>YEKUTIELI, D.<\/small> (2001). The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>29<\/b> 1165\u20131188.","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>CASTILLO, I.<\/small> and <small>ROQUAIN, \u00c9.<\/small> (2020). On spike and slab empirical Bayes multiple testing. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>48<\/b> 2548\u20132574.","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOS1897"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"<small>RABINOVICH, M.<\/small>, <small>RAMDAS, A.<\/small>, <small>JORDAN, M. I.<\/small> and <small>WAINWRIGHT, M. J.<\/small> (2020). Optimal rates and trade-offs in multiple testing. <i>Statist. Sinica<\/i> <b>30<\/b> 741\u2013762."},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>ROQUAIN, E.<\/small> and <small>VAN DE WIEL, M. A.<\/small> (2009). Optimal weighting for false discovery rate control. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>3<\/b> 678\u2013711.","DOI":"10.1214\/09-EJS430"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>SUN, W.<\/small> and <small>CAI, T. T.<\/small> (2009). Large-scale multiple testing under dependence. <i>J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B. Stat. Methodol.<\/i> <b>71<\/b> 393\u2013424.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2008.00694.x"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>IGNATIADIS, N.<\/small> and <small>HUBER, W.<\/small> (2021). Covariate Powered Cross-Weighted Multiple Testing. <i>J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B. Stat. Methodol.<\/i> <b>83<\/b> 720\u2013751.","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12411"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<small>Benjamini, Y.<\/small> and <small>Hochberg, Y.<\/small> (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. <i>J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B<\/i> <b>57<\/b> 289\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>B\u00fchlmann, P.<\/small> and <small>van de Geer, S.<\/small> (2011). <i>Statistics for High-Dimensional Data<\/i>: <i>Methods, Theory and Applications<\/i>. <i>Springer Series in Statistics<\/i>. Springer, Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20192-9"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Castillo, I.<\/small> and <small>Szab\u00f3, B.<\/small> (2020). Spike and slab empirical Bayes sparse credible sets. <i>Bernoulli<\/i> <b>26<\/b> 127\u2013158.","DOI":"10.3150\/19-BEJ1119"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Donoho, D.<\/small> and <small>Jin, J.<\/small> (2004). Higher criticism for detecting sparse heterogeneous mixtures. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>32<\/b> 962\u2013994.","DOI":"10.1214\/009053604000000265"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Hall, P.<\/small> and <small>Jin, J.<\/small> (2010). Innovated higher criticism for detecting sparse signals in correlated noise. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>38<\/b> 1686\u20131732.","DOI":"10.1214\/09-AOS764"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>Efron, B.<\/small>, <small>Tibshirani, R.<\/small>, <small>Storey, J. D.<\/small> and <small>Tusher, V.<\/small> (2001). Empirical Bayes analysis of a microarray experiment. <i>J. Amer. Statist. Assoc.<\/i> <b>96<\/b> 1151\u20131160.","DOI":"10.1198\/016214501753382129"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>HALL, P.<\/small> and <small>JIN, J.<\/small> (2008). Properties of higher criticism under strong dependence. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>36<\/b> 381\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1214\/009053607000000767"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>ABRAHAM, K.<\/small>, <small>CASTILLO, I.<\/small> and <small>ROQUAIN, \u00c9.<\/small> (2022). Empirical Bayes cumulative <i>\u2113<\/i>-value multiple testing procedure for sparse sequences. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>16<\/b> 2033\u20132081.","DOI":"10.1214\/22-ejs1979"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<small>ABRAHAM, K.<\/small>, <small>CASTILLO, I.<\/small> and <small>ROQUAIN, E.<\/small> (2024). Supplement to \u201cSharp multiple testing boundary for sparse sequences.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/24-AOS2404SUPP\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/24-AOS2404SUPP<\/a>","DOI":"10.1214\/24-AOS2404SUPP"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"<small>BANERJEE, S.<\/small>, <small>CASTILLO, I.<\/small> and <small>GHOSAL, S.<\/small> (2021). Bayesian inference in high-dimensional models. Book chapter to appear in Springer volume on data science. Preprint. Available at arXiv:<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2101.04491\">2101.04491<\/a>."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>BELITSER, E.<\/small> and <small>NURUSHEV, N.<\/small> (2022). Uncertainty quantification for robust variable selection and multiple testing. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>16<\/b> 5955\u20135979.","DOI":"10.1214\/22-ejs2088"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>BOGDAN, M.<\/small>, <small>CHAKRABARTI, A.<\/small>, <small>FROMMLET, F.<\/small> and <small>GHOSH, J. K.<\/small> (2011). Asymptotic Bayes-optimality under sparsity of some multiple testing procedures. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>39<\/b> 1551\u20131579.","DOI":"10.1214\/10-AOS869"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>BUTUCEA, C.<\/small>, <small>MAMMEN, E.<\/small>, <small>NDAOUD, M.<\/small> and <small>TSYBAKOV, A. B.<\/small> (2023). Variable selection, monotone likelihood ratio and group sparsity. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>51<\/b> 312\u2013333.","DOI":"10.1214\/22-aos2251"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<small>CAI, T. T.<\/small>, <small>SUN, W.<\/small> and <small>WANG, W.<\/small> (2019). Covariate-assisted ranking and screening for large-scale two-sample inference. <i>J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B. Stat. Methodol.<\/i> <b>81<\/b> 187\u2013234. Includes discussions and a rejoinder.","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12304"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>CASTILLO, I.<\/small> and <small>MISMER, R.<\/small> (2018). Empirical Bayes analysis of spike and slab posterior distributions. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>12<\/b> 3953\u20134001.","DOI":"10.1214\/18-EJS1494"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>DURAND, G.<\/small> (2019). Adaptive <i>p<\/i>-value weighting with power optimality. <i>Electron. J. Stat.<\/i> <b>13<\/b> 3336\u20133385.","DOI":"10.1214\/19-ejs1578"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>FROMONT, M.<\/small>, <small>LERASLE, M.<\/small> and <small>REYNAUD-BOURET, P.<\/small> (2016). Family-wise separation rates for multiple testing. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>44<\/b> 2533\u20132563.","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOS1418"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<small>JOHNSTONE, I. M.<\/small> and <small>SILVERMAN, B. W.<\/small> (2005). EbayesThresh: R programs for empirical Bayes thresholding. <i>J. Stat. Softw.<\/i> <b>12<\/b>.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v012.i08"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"<small>LI, X.<\/small> and <small>FITHIAN, W.<\/small> (2020). Optimality of the max test for detecting sparse signals with Gaussian or heavier tail. Preprint. Available at arXiv:<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2006.12489\">2006.12489<\/a>."},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>MILLER, J. C.<\/small> and <small>STEPANOVA, N. A.<\/small> (2023). Adaptive signal recovery with Subbotin noise. <i>Statist. Probab. Lett.<\/i> <b>196<\/b> Paper No. 109791, 6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2023.109791"},{"key":"40","unstructured":"<small>RABINOVICH, M.<\/small>, <small>JORDAN, M. I.<\/small> and <small>WAINWRIGHT, M. J.<\/small> (2020). Lower bounds in multiple testing: A framework based on derandomized proxies. Arxiv eprint. Available at arXiv:<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.03725\">2005.03725<\/a>."},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"<small>NEUVIAL, P.<\/small> and <small>ROQUAIN, E.<\/small> (2012). On false discovery rate thresholding for classification under sparsity. <i>Ann. Statist.<\/i> <b>40<\/b> 2572\u20132600.","DOI":"10.1214\/12-AOS1042"}],"container-title":["The Annals of Statistics"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:35:06Z","timestamp":1791394506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/projecteuclid.org\/journals\/annals-of-statistics\/volume-52\/issue-4\/Sharp-multiple-testing-boundary-for-sparse-sequences\/10.1214\/24-AOS2404.full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/24-aos2404","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-5364","2168-8966"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-5364","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-8966","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}