{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:29:57Z","timestamp":1792592997831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although many studies have examined the influence of women's fertility preferences on subsequent fertility behavior and the role of contraceptive use intentions on unmet need, very few have explored their concurrent effects on contraceptive use dynamics. This study examines the independent concurrent effects of women's fertility preferences and contraceptive intentions on subsequent adoption and discontinuation, treating pregnancy as a competing risk factor that may alter contraceptive need. The data are derived from a 2018 follow-up survey of a 2014 national sample of 3,800 Ugandan female respondents of childbearing age. The survey included a contraceptive calendar that recorded pregnancy, birth, and contraceptive event episodes, including reasons for discontinuation. We use competing risk regression to estimate the effect of fertility preferences and contraceptive intentions on the cumulative incidence function of contraceptive behaviors, accounting for intervening pregnancy, female background covariates, loss to follow-up, and complex survey design. We find that women's contraceptive intentions significantly increase the rate of contraceptive adoption. After having adopted, women's contraceptive intentions have been realized and do not prolong use. The risk of discontinuation among women who adopted after baseline was significantly higher than for those using at baseline, irrespective of their initial intentions. The effectiveness of the type of contraceptive method chosen significantly lowered discontinuation risk. Fertility preferences were not significantly associated with either time to adoption or discontinuation. The pace of the fertility transition in this sub-Saharan African setting is likely being shaped by reproductive regulation through the intentional use of contraception that enables spacing births.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-8937285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T20:51:59Z","timestamp":1611435119000},"page":"295-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Panel Study of Fertility Preferences and Contraceptive Dynamics in the Presence of Competing Pregnancy Risks in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Dana O.","family":"Sarnak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Family and Reproductive Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Family and Reproductive Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Makumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Peter Sebina","family":"Kibira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health and Behavioral Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saifuddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Family and Reproductive Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"73","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-005-5096-8","article-title":"Fraught with ambivalence: Reproductive intentions and contraceptive choices in a Sub-Saharan fertility transition","volume":"24","author":"Agadjanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Population Research and Policy Review"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932099003430","article-title":"Determinants of contraceptive discontinuation in six developing countries","volume":"31","author":"Ali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ariho\n              P.\n            \n          , KabagenyiA., & NzabonaA. (2018). Determinants of change in fertility pattern among women in Uganda during the period 2016\u20132011. Fertility Research and Practice, 4, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40738-018-0049-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-018-0049-1"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7501","article-title":"Practical recommendations for reporting Fine-Gray model analyses for competing risk data","volume":"36","author":"Austin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babalola\n              S.\n            \n          , JohnN., AjaoB., & SpeizerI. (2015). Ideation and intention to use contraceptives in Kenya and Nigeria. Demographic Research, 33, 211\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4054\/DemRes.2015.33.8","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2015.33.8"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2307\/2991915","article-title":"Couples' fertility and contraceptive decision-making in developing countries: Hearing the man's voice","volume":"24","author":"Bankole","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932098004398","article-title":"The consistency and validity of reproductive attitudes: Evidence from Morocco","volume":"30","author":"Bankole","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2307\/2138025","article-title":"Couples and reproductive health: A review of couple studies","volume":"27","author":"Becker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2307\/172249","article-title":"Covert contraceptive use: Prevalence, motivations, and consequences","volume":"29","author":"Biddlecom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/0272684X16685254","article-title":"Factors influencing contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Blackstone","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12197","article-title":"From fertility preferences to reproductive outcomes in the developing world","volume":"44","author":"Bongaarts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C12","volume-title":"When quality matters: Linking the reliability of Demographic and Health Survey data to biases in international mortality, fertility, and family planning estimates","author":"Bradley","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1363\/4000414","article-title":"Unmet need, intention to use contraceptives and unwanted pregnancy in rural Bangladesh","volume":"40","author":"Callahan","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12053","article-title":"Measuring women's covert use of modern contraception in cross-sectional surveys","volume":"49","author":"Choiriyyah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00324728.2019.1672880","article-title":"Fertility preferences and subsequent childbearing in Africa and Asia: A synthesis of evidence from longitudinal studies in 28 populations","volume":"74","author":"Cleland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1363\/3705811","article-title":"Contraceptive discontinuation and unintended pregnancy: An imperfect relationship","volume":"37","author":"Curtis","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2307\/2137996","article-title":"Intention to use contraceptives and subsequent contraceptive behavior in Morocco","volume":"27","author":"Curtis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C18","unstructured":"Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). (2018). Contraceptive Calendar Tutorial, The Demographic and Health Surveys Program, Version 2. Rockville, MD: DHS Program. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com\/data\/calendar-tutorial\/upload\/DHS-Contraceptive-Calendar-Tutorial.pdf"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2307\/2648298","article-title":"Fertility preferences and contraceptive change in developing countries","volume":"26","author":"Feyisetan","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2307\/172156","article-title":"Sexual activity and contraceptive use: The components of the decisionmaking process","volume":"29","author":"Gage","year":"1998","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932017000256","article-title":"Using couples' discordant reports to estimate female covert use of modern contraception in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"50","author":"Gasca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/00324728.2017.1334957","article-title":"Determined to stop? Longitudinal analysis of the desire to have no more children in rural Mozambique","volume":"71","author":"Hayford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2018.02.017","article-title":"It is my business: A mixed methods analysis of covert contraceptive use among women in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"98","author":"Heck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1134425","article-title":"The sexual acceptability of contraception: Reviewing the literature and building a new concept","volume":"53","author":"Higgins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Sex Research"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.11.008","article-title":"Low acceptability of certain contraceptive methods among young women","volume":"31","author":"Hoopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2011.00391.x","article-title":"Yearning, learning, and conceding: Reasons men and women change their childbearing intentions","volume":"37","author":"Iacovou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabagenyi\n              A.\n            \n          , JenningsL., ReidA., NalwaddaG., NtoziJ., & AtuyambeL. (2014). Barriers to male involvement in contraceptive uptake and reproductive health services: A qualitative study of men and women's perceptions in two rural districts in Uganda. Reproductive Health, 11, 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4755-11-21","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-21"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C29","volume-title":"Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 1988\/1989","author":"Kaijuka","year":"1989"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032985","volume-title":"The statistical analysis of failure time data","author":"Kalbfleisch","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/00324720600895819","article-title":"Do current measurement approaches underestimate levels of unwanted childbearing? Evidence from rural India","volume":"60","author":"Koenig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-011-0061-0","article-title":"Contraceptive method choice among youth in the United States: The importance of relationship context","volume":"48","author":"Kusunoki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp107","article-title":"Competing risk regression models for epidemiologic data","volume":"170","author":"Lau","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2015.00022.x","article-title":"An assessment of childbearing preferences in northern Malawi","volume":"46","author":"Machiyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C35","volume-title":"Consistency of reporting of terminated pregnancies in DHS calendars","author":"MacQuarrie","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2307\/2060974","article-title":"Parity-specific fertility intentions and uncertainty: The United States, 1970 to 1976","volume":"19","author":"Morgan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2015.00038.x","article-title":"Contraceptive adoption, discontinuation, and switching among postpartum women in Nairobi's urban slums","volume":"46","author":"Mumah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.03.011","article-title":"Typical-use contraceptive failure rates in 43 countries with Demographic and Health Survey data: Summary of a detailed report","volume":"94","author":"Polis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prada\n              E.\n            \n          , AtuyambeL. M., BladesN. M., BukenyaJ. N., OrachC. G., & BankoleA. (2016). Incidence of induced abortion in Uganda, 2013: New estimates since 2003. PLoS ONE, 11(11), e0165812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0165812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165812"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2017\/v21i2.5","article-title":"Partner support for family planning and modern contraceptive use in Luanda, Angola","volume":"21","author":"Prata","year":"2017","journal-title":"African Journal of Reproductive Health"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rackin\n              H.\n            \n          , & MorganS. P. (2018). Prospective versus retrospective measurement of unwanted fertility: Strengths, weaknesses, and inconsistencies assessed for a cohort of US women. Demographic Research, 39, 61\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4054\/DemRes.2018.39.3","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2018.39.3"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray\n              C.\n            \n          , HarceyS., GreilA., TiemeyerS., & McQuillanJ. (2018). Stability and change in personal fertility ideals among U.S. women in heterosexual relationships. Demographic Research, 39, 459\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4054\/DemRes.2018.39.16","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2018.39.16"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2307\/2673801","article-title":"Contraceptive use, intention to use and unmet need during the extended postpartum period","volume":"27","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2307\/3180998","article-title":"Can women's childbearing and contraceptive intentions predict contraceptive demand? Findings from a longitudinal study in central India","volume":"29","author":"Roy","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1363\/3413808","article-title":"Consistency and predictive ability of fertility preference indicators: Longitudinal evidence from rural India","volume":"34","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutaremwa\n              G.\n            \n          , GalandeJ., NviiriH. L., AkirorE., & JhambaT. (2015). The contribution of contraception, marriage and postpartum insusceptibility to fertility levels in Uganda: An application of the aggregate fertility model. Fertility Research and Practice, 6, 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40738-015-0009-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-015-0009-y"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021185812984","article-title":"Husbands, wives, sons and daughters: Fertility preferences and the demand for contraception in Ethiopia","volume":"21","author":"Short","year":"2002","journal-title":"Population Research and Policy Review"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2013.04.006","article-title":"Measurement of unmet need for family planning: Longitudinal analysis of the impact of fertility desires on subsequent childbearing behaviors among urban women from Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"88","author":"Speizer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speizer\n              I. S.\n            \n          , & LanceP. (2015). Fertility desires, family planning use and pregnancy experience: Longitudinal examination of urban areas in three African countries. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15, 294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-015-0729-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0729-3"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava\n              U.\n            \n          , SinghA., VermaP., & SinghK. K. (2019). The role of change in fertility desire on change in family planning use: A longitudinal investigation in urban Uttar Pradesh, India. Gates Open Research, 3, 1439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/gatesopenres.12956.2","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.12956.2"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12114","article-title":"The flexibility of fertility preferences in a context of uncertainty","volume":"44","author":"Trinitapoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C52","volume-title":"Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016","author":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), & ICF","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2307\/1966616","article-title":"Fertility intentions and subsequent behavior: A longitudinal study in rural India","volume":"21","author":"Vlassoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2307\/2133304","article-title":"Reproductive intentions and fertility rates","volume":"16","author":"Westoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Family Planning Perspectives"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C55","volume-title":"Reproductive preferences in developing countries at the turn of the century","author":"Westoff","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2307\/2060589","article-title":"The predictive validity of reproductive intentions","volume":"14","author":"Westoff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C57","volume-title":"Use of family planning in the postpartum period","author":"Winfrey","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1669-2","article-title":"The sensitivity of measures of unwanted and unintended pregnancy using retrospective and prospective reporting: Evidence from Malawi","volume":"19","author":"Yeatman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-013-0214-4","article-title":"Young women's dynamic family size preferences in the context of transitioning fertility","volume":"50","author":"Yeatman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021041515034437100_dem8937285C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12031","article-title":"PMA2020: Rapid turn-around survey data to monitor family planning service and practice in ten countries","volume":"48","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Studies in Family Planning"}],"container-title":["Demography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/58\/1\/295\/915921\/295sarnak.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/58\/1\/295\/915921\/295sarnak.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T03:23:28Z","timestamp":1618629808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article\/58\/1\/295\/167822\/A-Panel-Study-of-Fertility-Preferences-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/00703370-8937285","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-7790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]}}}