{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:00:56Z","timestamp":1789056056605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Context: Many observers believe that the policy response to the opioid crisis is less punitive than the crack scare and that the reason is that victims are (stereotypically) white.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: To assess this conjecture, we compile new longitudinal data on district-level drug-related deaths and (co)sponsorship of legislation on drug abuse in the House of Representatives over the past four decades. Using legislator fixed effects models, we then test how changes in drug-related death rates in legislators' districts predict changes in (co)sponsorship of treatment-oriented or punitive legislation in the subsequent year and assess whether these relationships vary by race of victim or drug type.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Findings: Policy makers were more likely to introduce punitive drug-related bills during the crack scare and are more likely to introduce treatment-oriented bills during the current opioid crisis. The relationship between district-level drug deaths and subsequent sponsorship of treatment-oriented legislation is greater for opioid deaths than for cocaine-related deaths and for white victims than for black victims. By contrast, district-level drug deaths are not significantly related to sponsorship of punishment-oriented bills.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: These results suggest that the racial inequalities and double standards of drug policy still persist but in different forms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-8004850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T14:18:46Z","timestamp":1575641926000},"page":"177-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Treatment versus Punishment: Understanding Racial Inequalities in Drug Policy"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Nyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"73","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1177\/1065912918755973","article-title":"Representation When Constituent Opinion and District Conditions Collide","volume":"71","author":"Adler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Political Research Quarterly"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C2","unstructured":"Adler E. Scott , and WilkersonJohn. n.d. \u201cCongressional Bills Project: 1979\u20132014.\u201d congressionalbills.org\/download.html (accessed January14, 2020)."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139150842","volume-title":"Congress and the Politics of Problem Solving","author":"Adler","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400829828","volume-title":"Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion","author":"Angrist","year":"2009"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226086958.001.0001","volume-title":"Timing and Turnout: How Off-Cycle Elections Favor Organized Groups","author":"Anzia","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C6","volume-title":"Congress, the Press, and Political Accountability","author":"Arnold","year":"2004"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C7","volume-title":"Agendas and Instability in American Politics","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/3096971","article-title":"Setting the Public Agenda: \u2018Street Crime\u2019 and Drug Use in American Politics","volume":"41","author":"Beckett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Social Problems"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellemare Marc F. , and CarnesNicholas. 2015. \u201cWhy Do Members of Congress Support Agricultural Protection?\u201d Food Policy50: 20\u201334. doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodpol.2014.10.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2014.10.010"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C10","unstructured":"BJS (Bureau of Justice Statistics). 2019. \u201cDrugs and Crime Facts.\u201d www.bjs.gov\/content\/dcf\/enforce.cfm (accessed January11, 2019)."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C11","volume-title":"After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events","author":"Birkland","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdn009","article-title":"Misrepresentation of Health Risks by Mass Media","volume":"30","author":"Bomlitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226065601.001.0001","volume-title":"Making the News: Politics, the Media, and Agenda Setting","author":"Boydstun","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2011.00515.x","article-title":"Do Politicians Racially Discriminate against Constituents? A Field Experiment on State Legislators","volume":"55","author":"Butler","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C15","unstructured":"CADCA (Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America). n.d. \u201cThe Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA).\u201d www.cadca.org\/comprehensive-addiction-and-recovery-act-cara (accessed January11, 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1198\/jbes.2010.07136","article-title":"Robust Inference with Multiway Clustering","volume":"29","author":"Cameron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Business and Economic Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2307\/2669237","article-title":"Leadership and Pandering: A Theory of Executive Policymaking","volume":"45","author":"Canes-Wrone","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1177\/1532673X07304263","article-title":"Redistricting and Party Polarization in the US House of Representatives","volume":"35","author":"Carson","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Politics Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1065912916670271","article-title":"Consistency versus Responsiveness: Do Members of Congress Change Positions on Specific Issues in Response to Their Districts?","volume":"70","author":"Cayton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Political Research Quarterly"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C20","article-title":"CBS News\/New York Times Drug Poll, September 1989","author":"CBS News","year":"1989"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciccarone Daniel . 2019. \u201cThe Triple Wave Epidemic: Supply and Demand Drivers of the US Opioid Overdose Crisis.\u201d International Journal on Drug Policy, February1. doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C22","first-page":"145","article-title":"Race and Class Differences in Print Media Portrayals of Crack Cocaine and Methamphetamine","volume":"15","author":"Cobbina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C23","unstructured":"Cohen Andrew . 2015. \u201cHow White Users Made Heroin a Public-Health Problem.\u201d Atlantic, August12. theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2015\/08\/crack\/heroin-and-race\/401015\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C24","first-page":"146","article-title":"Fast-Track Authority and International Trade Negotiations","volume":"4","author":"Conconi","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C25","unstructured":"Correia Sergio . 2017. \u201cLinear Models with High-Dimensional Fixed Effects: An Efficient and Feasible Estimator.\u201d Working paper. scorreia.com\/research\/hdfe.pdf (accessed October18, 2019)."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7758","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007758","article-title":"Breaking the News or Fueling the Epidemic? Temporal Association between News Media Report Volume and Opioid-Related Mortality","volume":"4","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C27","unstructured":"Delegates to the RNC. 1992. \u201cThe Vision Shared: The Republican Platform, Uniting Our Family, Our Country, Our World.\u201d Republican Party Platforms, the American President Project, University of California, Santa Cruz. www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/republican-party-platform-1992 (accessed January11, 2019)."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C28","unstructured":"Delegates to the RNC. 2016. \u201cRestoring the American Dream.\u201d Republican Party Platforms, the American President Project, University of California, Santa Cruz. www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/2016-republican-party-platform (accessed January11, 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750600690643","article-title":"Psychological Reactions to Crime News Portrayals of Black Criminals: Understanding the Moderating Roles of Prior News Viewing and Stereotype Endorsement","volume":"73","author":"Dixon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Communication Monographs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.122.2.693","article-title":"News Droughts, News Floods, and US Disaster Relief","volume":"122","author":"Eisensee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12098","article-title":"The Public's Increasing Punitiveness and Its Influence on Mass Incarceration in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Enns","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316471029","volume-title":"Incarceration Nation","author":"Enns","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C33","unstructured":"FDA (Federal Drug Administration). 2019. \u201cTimeline of Selected FDA Activities and Significant Events Addressing Opioid Misuse and Abuse.\u201d www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/InformationbyDrugClass\/UCM566985.pdf (accessed April11, 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0092-5853.2004.00075.x","article-title":"Politics and the New American Welfare States","volume":"48","author":"Fellowes","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1561\/100.00015082","article-title":"The Elusive Quest for Convergence","volume":"11","author":"Fowler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.5.842","article-title":"Relative Risk in the News Media: A Quantification of Misrepresentation","volume":"87","author":"Frost","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2012.00506.x","article-title":"Measuring Crack Cocaine and Its Impact","volume":"51","author":"Fryer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C38","unstructured":"Gallup. 2019. \u201cMost Important Problem.\u201d news.gallup.com\/poll\/1675\/most-important-problem.aspx (accessed January11, 2019)."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C39","article-title":"Introduction of Television to the United States Media Market, 1946\u20131960","author":"Gentzkow","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1017\/S1537592714001595","article-title":"Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens","volume":"12","author":"Gilens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspectives on Politics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.2307\/2669264","article-title":"Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public","volume":"44","author":"Gilliam","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C42","unstructured":"Glanton Dahleen . 2017. \u201cRace, the Crack Epidemic, and the Effect on Today's Opioid Crisis.\u201d Chicago Tribune, August21. www.chicagotribune.com\/columns\/dahleen-glanton\/ct-opioid-epidemic-dahleen-glanton-met-20170815-column.html."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golub Andrew Lang , and JohnsonBruce D.1997. \u201cCrack's Decline: Some Surprises across US Cities.\u201d National Institute of Justice, July. www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles\/165707.pdf.","DOI":"10.1037\/e512102006-001"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3162\/036298007782398495","article-title":"The Iraq War, Partisanship, and Candidate Attributes: Variation in Partisan Swing in the 2006 US House Elections","volume":"32","author":"Grose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Legislative Studies Quarterly"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C45","article-title":"The Contingency of Compassion in Media Depictions of Drug Addiction","author":"Harbin","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1999.10471772","article-title":"The Social Construction of the Crack Epidemic in the Print Media","volume":"31","author":"Hartman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055418000606","article-title":"Legislative Staff and Representation in Congress","volume":"113","author":"Hertel-Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Political Science Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2307\/2111769","article-title":"Public Perceptions of Race and Crime: The Role of Racial Stereotypes","volume":"41","author":"Hurwitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C49","unstructured":"Katz Josh , and Sanger-KatzMargot. 2018. \u201c\u2018The Numbers Are So Staggering.\u2019 Overdose Deaths Set a Record Last Year.\u201d New York Times, November29. www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2018\/11\/29\/upshot\/fentanyl-drug-overdose-deaths.html."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C50","unstructured":"Keller Jared . 2017. \u201cA Tale of Two Drug Wars.\u201d Pacific Standard, December8. psmag.com\/social-justice\/a-tale-of-two-drug-wars."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C51","unstructured":"King Jamilah . 2017. \u201cSenator Kamala Harris Blasts Racialized Double Standard of Crack and Opioid Epidemics.\u201d Mic, May17. www.mic.com\/articles\/177298\/senator-kamala-harris-blasts-racialized-double-standard-of-crack-and-opioid-epidemics."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C52","volume-title":"Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies","author":"Kingdon","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3162\/036298003X200872","article-title":"Position Taking and Cosponsorship in the US House","volume":"28","author":"Koger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Legislative Studies Quarterly"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C54","unstructured":"Kolhatkar Sheelah . 2017. \u201cThe Cost of the Opioid Crisis.\u201d New Yorker, September18. www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2017\/09\/18\/the-cost-of-the-opioid-crisis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12055","article-title":"Responding to War on Capitol Hill: Battlefield Casualties, Congressional Response, and Public Support for the War in Iraq","volume":"58","author":"Kriner","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/07343469.2013.822944","article-title":"Issue Salience and Bill Introduction in the House and Senate","volume":"40","author":"Lazarus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Congress and the Presidency"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C57","unstructured":"Lopez German . 2017. \u201cWhen a Drug Epidemic's Victims Are White.\u201d Vox.com, April4. www.vox.com\/identities\/2017\/4\/4\/15098746\/opioid-heroin-epidemic-race."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C58","unstructured":"Mauer Marc , and HulingTracy. 1995. \u201cYoung Black Americans and the Criminal Justice System: Five Years Later.\u201d Sentencing Project, October. www.sentencingproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Young-Black-Americans-and-the-Criminal-Justice-System-Five-Years-Later.pdf."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C59","unstructured":"McKenzie Kevin . 2017. \u201cLargely White Opioid Epidemic Highlights Black Frustration with Drug War.\u201d Commercial Appeal, March26. www.commercialappeal.com\/story\/money\/2017\/03\/26\/white-opioid-epidemic-highlights-black-frustration-drug-war\/97694296\/."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108562386","volume-title":"Poor Representation: Congress and the Politics of Poverty in the United States","author":"Miler","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1017\/psrm.2017.44","article-title":"Improving the Interpretation of Fixed Effects Regression Results","volume":"6","author":"Mummolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Political Science Research and Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000208","article-title":"Toothless: The Methamphetamine \u2018Epidemic,\u2019 \u2018Meth Mouth,\u2019 and the Racial Construction of Drug Scares","volume":"8","author":"Murakawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C63","unstructured":"NCSL (National Council of State Legislatures). 2017. \u201cPrescribing Policies: States Confront Opioid Overdose Epidemic.\u201d June30. www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/prescribing-policies-states-confront-opioid-overdose-epidemic.aspx."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-016-9496-5","article-title":"The War on Drugs That Wasn't: Wasted Whiteness, \u2018Dirty Doctors,\u2019 and Race in Media Coverage of Prescription Opioid Misuse","volume":"40","author":"Netherland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C65","unstructured":"Newkirk Vann R. 2017. \u201cWhat the \u2018Crack Baby\u2019 Panic Reveals about the Opioid Epidemic.\u201d Atlantic, July16. www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2017\/07\/what-the-crack-baby-panic-reveals-about-the-opioid-epidemic\/533763\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2307\/2960239","article-title":"Unintended Consequences? Racial Redistricting and the Representation of Minority Interests","volume":"58","author":"Overby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Politics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110518782946","article-title":"State Responses to the Opioid Crisis","volume":"46","author":"Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1086\/467062","article-title":"Constituent Interest and Congressional Voting","volume":"27","author":"Peltzman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Law and Economics"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C69","article-title":"Opioid vs. Crack: Congress Reconsiders Its Approach to Drug Epidemic","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C70","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. 2014. \u201cAmerica's Changing Drug Policy Landscape: Two-Thirds Favor Treatment, Not Jail, for Use of Heroin, Cocaine.\u201d US Politics and Policy, April2. www.people-press.org\/2014\/04\/02\/americas-new-drug-policy-landscape\/."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C71","volume-title":"Ideology and Congress","author":"Poole","year":"2007"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C72","unstructured":"Rothwell Jonathan . 2015. \u201cDrug Offenders in American Prisons: The Critical Distinction between Stock and Flow.\u201d Brookings Institution, November25. archive.today\/hWMQY."},{"issue":"51\u201352","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C73","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths\u2014United States, 2013\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Scholl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C74","article-title":"The Opioid Crisis Isn't White","author":"Shihipar","year":"2019","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1086\/652903","article-title":"Press Coverage and Political Accountability","volume":"118","author":"Snyder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C76","unstructured":"Stewart Charles , and WoonJonathan. n.d. \u201c Congressional Committee Assignments, 103rd to 115th Congresses, 1993\u20132017.\u201d Electronic data, 103rd\u2013115th Congresses. web.mit.edu\/17.251\/www\/data_page.html (accessed January14, 2020)."},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C77","article-title":"Database of Congressional Historical Statistics","author":"Swift","year":"2000"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139032360","volume-title":"Legislative Effectiveness in the United States Congress: The Lawmakers","author":"Volden","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/1532673X18759644","article-title":"Do Constituents Influence Issue-Specific Bill Sponsorship?","volume":"47","author":"Waggoner","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Politics Research"},{"key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C80","article-title":"Agenda-Setting Research: Issues, Attributes, and Influences","volume-title":"Handbook of Political Communication Research","author":"Weaver","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1177\/0021934710376170","article-title":"The Significance of Race and Geography on Legislative Behavior: Exploring the Legislative Agenda in Post-Katrina Louisiana","volume":"42","author":"Winburn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Black Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022051915300498700_jhppl8004850C82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/1532673X06289162","article-title":"Congressional Roll Call Voting on China Trade Policy","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Politics Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/jhppl\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/177\/1560054\/177kim.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/jhppl\/article-pdf\/45\/2\/177\/1560054\/177kim.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T21:45:28Z","timestamp":1665179128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/jhppl\/article\/45\/2\/177\/143962\/Treatment-versus-Punishment-Understanding-Racial"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/03616878-8004850","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-6878","1527-1927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-6878","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-1927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]}}}