{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:03:54Z","timestamp":1772168634681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Duke University Press","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781478061809","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This chapter examines Latin American refugeeships in Canada as part of a broader hemispheric border regime, analyzing three cases: Chileans seen as educated political activists, Salvadorans as civil war victims, and Mexicans labeled as \u201cbogus\u201d refugees seeking work. Through these narratives, the authors reveal how Canadian state policies, media portrayals, and nonstate actors contribute to the categorization and assessment of Latin American refugees, affecting their collective experiences and legal statuses. Refugeeship politics operate across multiple scales and actors, producing differential inclusion based on perceived deservingness, shaped by geopolitical context, policy shifts, and civil society activism. This chapter highlights the complexities of Canada\u2019s humanitarian migration framework, showing how classification struggles impact migrants\u2019 rights and entitlements. Ultimately, it demonstrates how Latin American refugeeship in Canada reflects broader hemispheric and global migration governance, shaping patterns of inclusion and exclusion within an interconnected border regime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1215\/9781478061809-002","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:17:21Z","timestamp":1767629841000},"page":"33-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latin American Refugeeships in Canada and the Hemispheric Border Regime"],"prefix":"10.1215","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Landolt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luin","family":"Goldring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"73","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Refugees in Central America","volume":"3","author":"Adelman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.2","volume-title":"Something Fierce: Memoirs of a Revolutionary Daughter","author":"Aguirre","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.3","unstructured":"Alhmidi, Maan. 2021. \u201cCanada Refusing More Immigration on Humanitarian, Compassionate Grounds: Data.\u201d Global News (Vancouver), July14. https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/8026341\/canada-immigration-humanitarian-compassionate-undocumented-migrants\/."},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.4","article-title":"Mexico: Rushing Headfirst into an Abyss of Human Rights?: Amnesty International Submission to the 45th Session of the UPR Working Group","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/rsq\/hdx019","article-title":"The Securitisation of Canada's Refugee System: Reviewing the Unintended Consequences of the 2012 Reform","volume":"37","author":"Atak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Refugee Survey Quarterly"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.6","first-page":"7","article-title":"Violence in Mexico: Organized or Authorized Crime?","volume":"121","author":"Badillo P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Revista CISAN"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/21622671.2016.1231631","article-title":"Assemblage Thinking as Methodology: Commitments and Practices for Critical Policy Research","volume":"5","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Territory, Politics, Governance"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780773563780","volume-title":"Keeping Heads Above Water: Salvadorean Refugees in Costa Rica","author":"Basok","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003118923-22","article-title":"Latin American Migration to Canada: Understanding Socially Differentiated Inclusions","volume-title":"The Routledge History of Modern Latin American Migration","author":"Basok","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2017.1291983","article-title":"Precarious Legality: Regularizing Central American Migrants in Mexico","volume":"41","author":"Basok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethnic and Racial Studies"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.11","first-page":"171","article-title":"A Review of the Politics of Canadian Refugee Selection","volume-title":"The International Refugee Crisis: British and Canadian Responses","author":"Basok","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.12","first-page":"57","article-title":"Canada's Refugee Determination System and the Effect of U.S. Immigration Law","volume-title":"In Defense of the Alien","author":"Bissett","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.13","first-page":"17","article-title":"Off the Beaten Track, on the Overground Railroad: Central American Refugees and the Organizations That Helped Them","volume":"11","author":"Bezelberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Legacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/09502386.2014.891630","article-title":"New Keywords: Migration and Borders","volume":"29","author":"Casas-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cultural Studies"},{"key":"2026010511171611900_B.ch1.15","unstructured":"CERLAC (Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean). 2015. \u201cEducation and Mobilization in Contested Mexico: Situating Ayotzinapa.\u201d March18. 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