{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:18:55Z","timestamp":1788297535044,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No prospective study of gamma knife thalamotomy for intractable tremor has previously been reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To clarify the safety and optimally effective conditions for performing unilateral gamma knife (GK) thalamotomy for tremors of Parkinson disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET), a systematic postirradiation 24-month follow-up study was conducted at 6 institutions. We present the results of this multicenter collaborative trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 72 patients (PD characterized by tremor, n = 59; ET, n = 13) were registered at 6 Japanese institutions. Following our selective thalamotomy procedure, the lateral part of the ventralis intermedius nucleus, 45% of the thalamic length from the anterior tip, was selected as the GK isocenter. A single 130-Gy shot was applied using a 4-mm collimator. Evaluation included neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging and\/or computerized tomography, the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), electromyography, medication change, and video observations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Final clinical effects were favorable. Of 53 patients who completed 24 months of follow-up, 43 were evaluated as having excellent or good results (81.1%). UPDRS scores showed tremor improvement (parts II and III). Thalamic lesion size fluctuated but converged to either an almost spherical shape (65.6%), a sphere with streaking (23.4%), or an extended high-signal zone (10.9%). No permanent clinical complications were observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GK thalamotomy is an alternative treatment for intractable tremors of PD as well as for ET. Less invasive intervention may be beneficial to patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0b013e3182350893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T18:06:28Z","timestamp":1317751588000},"page":"526-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Gamma Knife Thalamotomy for Parkinson Disease and Essential Tremor: A Prospective Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1227","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Ohye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Shibazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional and Gamma Knife Surgery Center, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Diseases, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Koyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Diseases, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Hirai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center, Heisei Memorial Hospital, Fujieda, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Serizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomokatsu","family":"Hori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Samura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Okinawa Central Hospital, Naha, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Okinawa Central Hospital, Naha, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022604310956600_b1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Stereotactic apparatus for intracerebral surgery","volume":"99","author":"Leksell","year":"1949","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020022604310956600_b2","first-page":"585","article-title":"Cerebral radiosurgery. 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