{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T05:23:01Z","timestamp":1740547381721,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"IOP Publishing","issue":"T118","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys. Scr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A \u201cmilliprobe\u201d system was implemented by using the focusing properties of a Van de Graaff accelerator, together with a collimator system including 1\u00a0mm diameter apertures, to impose the appropriate dimension to the beam spot. The scanning of the sample surface was achieved by <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic> movements of the sample holder (the <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> axis being coincident with the beam direction). These movements were accomplished by a motorised <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic> table, with a travel of 25\u00a0mm  \u00d7  25\u00a0mm, connected to the sample holder.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This system was used to study specimens of the mineral tourmaline. Two samples, of the \u201cwatermelon\u201d zoned tourmaline variety, originating from the Alto Ligonha pegmatite district in northern Mozambique, were analysed by the simultaneous use of PIXE (Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission) and PIGE (Proton-Induced Gamma-Ray Emission) techniques, in order to quantify their composition and try to establish a correlation between the elements (major and trace elements) and colour zoning.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In order to validate the \u201cmilliprobe\u201d analysis and study in more detail the frontier between zones of different colours, a microprobe analysis of the samples was also done.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In this work, the mineralogical classification of the samples was accomplished. A correlation was established between the presence of Fe and green colour. It was also concluded that the presence of Mn by itself is not enough to lead to pink colour, which gives support to previous studies that claim that only Mn<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> and not the more common form Mn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> is responsible for the pink colour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1238\/physica.topical.118a00237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,20]],"date-time":"2005-09-20T14:06:21Z","timestamp":1127225181000},"page":"237-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Milliprobe for PIXE and PIGE Analysis used for the Study of Colour-Zoned Tourmaline"],"prefix":"10.1088","volume":"2005","author":[{"family":"R Mateus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"family":"L C Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"A P Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"A F Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"family":"J P Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"266","reference":[{"year":"1992","key":"1-1"},{"year":"2001","key":"2-1"},{"year":"2003","key":"3-1"},{"key":"4-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2113\/gscanmin.39.1.45","volume":"39","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. 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