{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:32:41Z","timestamp":1791397961794,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1825,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Skin hyperpigmentation is characterized by increased melanin synthesis and deposition that can cause significant psychosocial and psychological distress. Although several cytokine-receptor signaling cascades contribute to the formation of ultraviolet B-induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation, their possible involvement in other types of skin hyperpigmentation has never been clearly addressed. Since our continuous studies using skin specimens from more than 30 subjects with ethnic skin diversity emphasized a consistent augmentation in the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptor (Endothelin B receptor, ET-B) in hyperpigmented lesions, including senile lentigos (SLs), the precise function of ET-1 signaling was investigated in the present study. In line with previous studies, ET-1 significantly induced melanogenesis followed by increases in melanosome transport in melanocytes and in its transfer to keratinocytes while inhibition of ET-B function substantially depressed melanogenic ability in tissue-cultured SLs. Additionally, in agreement with a previous report that the formation of autophagosomes rather than melanosomes is stimulated according to starvation or defective melanosome production, ET-1 was found to remarkably augment the expression of components necessary for early melanosome formation, indicating its counteraction against autophagy-targeting melanosome degradation in melanocytes. Despite the lack of substantial impact of ET-1 on keratinocyte melanogenic functions, the expression of ET-1 was enhanced following melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that ET-1 plays a substantial role in the development and\/or maintenance of skin hyperpigmentation in reciprocal cooperation with increased melanosome incorporation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.011973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,5]],"date-time":"2015-09-05T01:01:19Z","timestamp":1441414879000},"page":"1213-1221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cooperation of endothelin-1 signaling with melanosomes plays a role in developing and\/or maintaining human skin hyperpigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Daiki","family":"Murase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"},{"name":"Biological Science Americas Laboratory, Kao Corporation, Cincinnati, OH 45214, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Hachiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamiko","family":"Kikuchi-Onoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Fullenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Americas Laboratory, Kao Corporation, Cincinnati, OH 45214, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Ohuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Moriwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Hase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Takema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Global, Kao Corporation, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1789","article-title":"Mitogenic and melanogenic stimulation of normal human melanocytes by melanotropic peptides","volume":"92","author":"Abdel-Malek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02354.x","article-title":"The expression of endothelin-1 and its binding sites in mouse skin increased after ultraviolet B irradiation or local injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha","volume":"25","author":"Ahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00640.x","article-title":"Keratinocytes in culture accumulate phagocytosed melanosomes in the perinuclear area","volume":"23","author":"Ando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00133.x","article-title":"The expression and activation of protease-activated receptor-2 correlate with skin color","volume":"17","author":"Babiarz-Magee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2098","article-title":"Skin ageing and its treatment","volume":"211","author":"Baumann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987100.ch7","article-title":"Biogenesis of melanosomes","volume-title":"The Pigmentary System","author":"Boissy","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12696836","article-title":"UVB-induced melanogenesis may be mediated through the MSH-receptor system","volume":"92","author":"Bolognia","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(96)00063-8","article-title":"Production and release of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and keratinocytes in culture: regulation by ultraviolet B","volume":"1313","author":"Chakraborty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1067\/S0190-9622(03)02127-3","article-title":"Aging and photoaging","volume":"49","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4497","article-title":"UV exposure modulates hemidesmosome plasticity, contributing to long-term pigmentation in human skin","volume":"236","author":"Coelho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00109-3","article-title":"Tyrosinase and related proteins in mammalian pigmentation","volume":"381","author":"del Marmol","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C13","first-page":"13","article-title":"Hyperpigmentation therapy: a review","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/435283a","article-title":"Evolutionary biology: geography and skin colour","volume":"435","author":"Diamond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.11.1462","article-title":"Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging","volume":"138","author":"Fisher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8351-4","article-title":"Regulation of secretory vesicle traffic by Rab small GTPases","volume":"65","author":"Fukuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01290.x","article-title":"The paracrine role of stem cell factor\/c-kit signaling in the activation of human melanocytes in ultraviolet-B-induced pigmentation","volume":"116","author":"Hachiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63260-9","article-title":"Biphasic expression of two paracrine melanogenic cytokines, stem cell factor and endothelin-1, in ultraviolet B-induced human melanogenesis","volume":"165","author":"Hachiya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23832.x","article-title":"An in vivo mouse model of human skin substitute containing spontaneously sorted melanocytes demonstrates physiological changes after UVB irradiation","volume":"125","author":"Hachiya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2503","article-title":"Stem cell factor-KIT signalling plays a pivotal role in regulating pigmentation in mammalian hair","volume":"218","author":"Hachiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.4.1611","article-title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor from human keratinocytes is a natural mitogen for melanocytes","volume":"107","author":"Halaban","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22503.x","article-title":"The epidermal stem cell factor is over-expressed in lentigo senilis: implication for the mechanism of hyperpigmentation","volume":"122","author":"Hattori","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00889.x","article-title":"The pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in melanogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12509","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.200543","article-title":"WIPI1 coordinates melanogenic gene transcription and melanosome formation via TORC1 inhibition","volume":"286","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl. 41","key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb16989.x","article-title":"Pigmented lesions as a sign of photodamage","volume":"127","author":"H\u00f6lzle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12063","article-title":"Endothelin-1 is a transcriptional target of p53 in epidermal keratinocytes and regulates ultraviolet-induced melanocyte homeostasis","volume":"26","author":"Hyter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C27","first-page":"1994","article-title":"Loss of melanogenic properties in tyrosinases induced by glucosylation inhibitors within malignant melanoma cells","volume":"42","author":"Imokawa","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35817-4","article-title":"Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes","volume":"267","author":"Imokawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12312500","article-title":"Endothelin-1 as a new melanogen: coordinated expression of its gene and the tyrosinase gene in UVB-exposed human epidermis","volume":"105","author":"Imokawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3140305","article-title":"Signaling mechanisms of endothelin-induced mitogenesis and melanogenesis in human melanocytes","volume":"314","author":"Imokawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1997.tb00488.x","article-title":"The role of endothelin-1 in epidermal hyperpigmentation and signaling mechanisms of mitogenesis and melanogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Imokawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33321","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004346200","article-title":"Intracellular signaling mechanisms leading to synergistic effects of endothelin-1 and stem cell factor on proliferation of cultured human melanocytes: cross-talk via trans-activation of the tyrosine kinase c-kit receptor","volume":"275","author":"Imokawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12476630","article-title":"Role of tyrosinase as the determinant of pigmentation in cultured human melanocytes","volume":"100","author":"Iozumi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2000.0403","article-title":"The evolution of human skin coloration","volume":"39","author":"Jablonski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C35","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Elderly and sun-affected skin. Distinguishing between changes caused by aging and changes caused by habitual exposure to sun","volume":"47","author":"Jackson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01296.x","article-title":"The role of the epidermal endothelin cascade in the hyperpigmentation mechanism of lentigo senilis","volume":"116","author":"Kadono","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1538","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis: role of SCF\/KIT protein interactions and the downstream effector, MITF-M","volume":"202","author":"Kitamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C38","first-page":"51","article-title":"Senescent skin","volume":"20","author":"Kushniruk","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/189176a0","article-title":"Effect of alpha- and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormones on the skin colour of man","volume":"189","author":"Lerner","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(04)00099-1","article-title":"Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy","volume":"6","author":"Levine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0391","article-title":"Uveal melanocytes do not respond to or express receptors for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2001.2331","article-title":"The antimicrobial properties of melanocytes, melanosomes and melanin and the evolution of black skin","volume":"211","author":"Mackintosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04521.x","article-title":"The mechanism of hyperpigmentation in seborrhoeic keratosis involves the high expression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1alpha and TNF-alpha, which stimulate secretion of endothelin 1","volume":"145","author":"Manaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318264","article-title":"Griscelli syndrome restricted to hypopigmentation results from a melanophilin defect (GS3) or a MYO5A F-exon deletion (GS1)","volume":"112","author":"M\u00e9nasch\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12542192","article-title":"Selective aberration and pigment loss in melanosomes of malignant melanoma cells in vitro by glycosylation inhibitors: premelanosomes as glycoprotein","volume":"81","author":"Mishima","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1599207","article-title":"Autophagy: process and function","volume":"21","author":"Mizushima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.10.009","article-title":"Messenger RNA levels of melanogenesis-associated genes in lentigo senilis lesions","volume":"37","author":"Motokawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4343","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805570200","article-title":"The essential role of p53 in hyperpigmentation of the skin via regulation of paracrine melanogenic cytokine receptor signaling","volume":"284","author":"Murase","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.165","article-title":"Autophagy has a significant role in determining skin color by regulating melanosome degradation in keratinocytes","volume":"133","author":"Murase","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12664554","article-title":"Transfer mechanism of melanosomes in epidermal cell culture","volume":"67","author":"Okazaki","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11742","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50262-9","article-title":"The beta isoform of protein kinase C stimulates human melanogenesis by activating tyrosinase in pigment cells","volume":"268","author":"Park","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl. 45","key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20727","article-title":"Human pigmentation variation: evolution, genetic basis, and implications for public health","volume":"134","author":"Parra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119206","article-title":"Nitric oxide produced by ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates melanogenesis","volume":"99","author":"Rom\u00e9ro-Graillet","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12258559","article-title":"Mitotic activity of epidermal melanocytes in UV-irradiated mouse skin","volume":"70","author":"Rosdahl","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x","article-title":"Regulation of melanogenesis\u2013controversies and new concepts","volume":"17","author":"Schallreuter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117224","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides are synthesized and released by human keratinocytes","volume":"93","author":"Schauer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01575.x","article-title":"Protease-activated receptor 2, a receptor involved in melanosome transfer, is upregulated in human skin by ultraviolet irradiation","volume":"117","author":"Scott","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3109\/13816819009020974","article-title":"Comparative genetics of albinism","volume":"11","author":"Searle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Paediatr. Genet."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01923509","article-title":"Autophagy and other vacuolar protein degradation mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Seglen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.17.3093","article-title":"The protease-activated receptor-2 upregulates keratinocyte phagocytosis","volume":"113","author":"Sharlow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2730","article-title":"Low-dose ultraviolet radiation selectively degrades chromophore-rich extracellular matrix components","volume":"222","author":"Sherratt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06963.x","article-title":"Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in psoriatic skin and cytokine-stimulated cultured keratinocytes","volume":"134","author":"Sirsj\u00f6","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2728","article-title":"Rab GTPases as coordinators of vesicle traffic","volume":"10","author":"Stenmark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp003","article-title":"Molecular genetics of human pigmentation diversity","volume":"18","author":"Sturm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.211.201","article-title":"Neuroendocrine functions of melanocytes: beyond the skin-deep melanin maker","volume":"211","author":"Takeda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1095.x","article-title":"Role of endothelin-1 in hyperpigmentation in seborrhoeic keratosis","volume":"135","author":"Teraki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07210.x","article-title":"Alterations in the epidermal-dermal melanin axis and factor XIIIa melanophages in senile lentigo and ageing skin","volume":"155","author":"Unver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00558.x","article-title":"Griscelli syndrome: a model system to study vesicular trafficking","volume":"22","author":"Van Gele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962013000100009","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Videira","year":"2013","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12326950","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin, its derived peptides, and the skin","volume":"106","author":"Wintzen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12349932","article-title":"Cultured human keratinocytes synthesize and secrete endothelin-1","volume":"100","author":"Yohn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6845com","article-title":"Functional analysis of keratinocytes in skin color using a human skin substitute model composed of cells derived from different skin pigmentation types","volume":"21","author":"Yoshida","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041160","article-title":"Essential role of RAB27A in determining constitutive human skin color","volume":"7","author":"Yoshida-Amano","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021042423152759000_BIO011973C74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.07.023","article-title":"Autophagy: a regulated bulk degradation process inside cells","volume":"313","author":"Yoshimori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/4\/10\/1213\/1463130\/bio011973.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/4\/10\/1213\/1463130\/bio011973.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T23:15:41Z","timestamp":1619306141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/4\/10\/1213\/1200\/Cooperation-of-endothelin-1-signaling-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.011973","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]]}}}