{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:01:32Z","timestamp":1753884092534,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1598,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Echolocating animals reduce their output level and hearing sensitivity, presumably to stabilize the perceived echo intensity during target approaches. In bats this variation in hearing sensitivity is formed by a call-induced stapedial reflex that tapers off over time after the call. Here we test the hypothesis that a similar mechanism exists in toothed whales by subjecting a trained harbour porpoise to a series of double sound pulses varying in delay and frequency, while measuring the magnitudes of the evoked ABRs. We find that the recovery of the ABR to the second pulse is frequency dependent, and that a stapedial reflex therefore cannot account for the reduced hearing sensitivity at short pulse delays. Thus, we propose that toothed whale auditory time varying gain control during echolocation is not enabled by the middle ear as in bats, but rather by frequency dependent mechanisms such as forward masking and perhaps higher order control of efferent feedback to the outer hair cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.021469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T01:40:24Z","timestamp":1487209224000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Time varying auditory gain control in response to double pulse stimuli in harbour porpoises is not mediated by a stapedial reflex"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Asger Emil Munch","family":"Schr\u00f8der","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoophysiology, Bioscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Moellers All\u00e9 3. 8000 Aarhus C. Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Beedholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoophysiology, Bioscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Moellers All\u00e9 3. 8000 Aarhus C. Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Teglberg","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoophysiology, Bioscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Moellers All\u00e9 3. 8000 Aarhus C. Denmark"},{"name":"Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042423495830200_BIO021469C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01727","article-title":"Automatic gain control in the echolocation system of dolphins","volume":"423","author":"Au","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042423495830200_BIO021469C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2784683","article-title":"Echolocation in dolphins and bats","volume":"60","author":"Au","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. 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