{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:54:12Z","timestamp":1790430852807,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1233,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1AR065530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1AR065530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012292","name":"Gerstner Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>In humans, the sacrum forms an important component of the pelvic arch, and it transfers the weight of the body to the lower limbs. The sacrum is formed by collapse of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) between the five sacral vertebrae during childhood, and their fusion to form a single bone. We show that collapse of the sacral discs in the mouse is associated with the down-regulation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the disc, and many aspects of this phenotype can be reversed by experimental postnatal activation of HH signaling. We have previously shown that SHH signaling is essential for the normal postnatal growth and differentiation of intervertebral discs elsewhere in the spine, and that loss of SHH signaling leads to pathological disc degeneration, a very common disorder of aging. Thus, loss of SHH is pathological in one region of the spine but part of normal development in another.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.035592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T08:15:13Z","timestamp":1526890513000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Formation of the sacrum requires down-regulation of sonic hedgehog signaling in the sacral intervertebral discs"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Bonavita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3683-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chitra Lekha","family":"Dahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042423202305400_BIO035592C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118884","article-title":"The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Antoniou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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