{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:40:24Z","timestamp":1770338424079,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1233,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["86056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serial blood sampling involving sampling blood from the same individual at different time points is essential in time-based studies including xenobiotic toxicokinetics and biochemical studies. However, high fish mortality due to phlebotomy-induced anaemia (PIA) constrains serial blood sampling in small to medium sized fish. The aim of the study was to develop and implement a model-based serial blood sampling protocol that minimizes fish mortality by regulating anaemia within levels that sustain fish survival and recovery. A model simulating the reduction in haemoglobin was developed from blood sampling data of sixteen (N=16) medium sized Oreochromis mossambicus. The model was incorporated into a serial blood sampling protocol whose performance was tested on eight (N=8) fish. The protocol avoided fish mortality and the fish recovered from PIA within three weeks of the post-sampling period. Therefore, managing anaemia minimizes mortality and improves the applicability of serial blood sampling in small to medium sized fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.037978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T13:50:42Z","timestamp":1539179442000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Model-based serial blood sampling protocol for minimal mortality and better recovery in small to medium sized tilapia"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7012-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Sihoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5852-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Wagenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042500003501600_BIO037978C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.160713","article-title":"Early exposure to chronic hypoxia induces short- and long-term regulation of hemoglobin gene expression in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)","volume":"220","author":"Cadiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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