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SUM225 cells, which expressed lower levels of CCR2 than DCIS.com cells, formed symmetrical spheroids in Matrigel: Collagen, and were not responsive to CCL2 treatment. DCIS.com cells formed asymmetric cell clusters in Matrigel: Collagen. CCL2 treatment increased growth, and decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased TWIST1 expression. CCR2 overexpression in SUM225 cells increased responsiveness to CCL2 treatment, enhancing growth and invasion. These phenotypes corresponded to increased expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), and decreased expression of the mitochondrial serine protease HTRA2. CCR2 deficiency in DCIS.com cells inhibited CCL2-mediated growth and invasion, corresponding to decreased ALDH1A1 expression and increased HTRA2 expression. ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression were modulated in CCR2 deficient and CCR2 overexpressing cell lines. We found that ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 regulates CCR2-mediated breast cancer cell growth and cellular invasion in a CCL2\/CCR2 context dependent manner. These data provide novel insight on the mechanisms of chemokine signaling in breast cancer cell growth and invasion, with important implications on targeted therapeutics for anti-cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.040873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T16:59:01Z","timestamp":1560790741000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Role of ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression to CCL2\/CCR2 mediated breast cancer cell growth and invasion"],"prefix":"10.1242","author":[{"given":"Qingting","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gage","family":"Brummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Hawj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cory","family":"Berkland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042500060717500_BIO040873C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007431200","article-title":"Activation of Rac1 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in response to all-trans-retinoic acid","volume":"276","author":"Alsayed","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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