{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:44:15Z","timestamp":1787312655056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016-03298_3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-03298_3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For a bird, it is often vital to visually detect food items, predators, or individuals from the same flock, i.e. moving stimuli of various shapes. Yet, behavioural tests of visual spatial acuity traditionally use stationary gratings as stimuli. We have behaviourally tested the ability of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) to detect a black circular target, moving semi-randomly at 1.69 degrees s\u22121 against a brighter background. We found a detection threshold of 0.107\u00b10.007 degrees of the visual field for a target size corresponding to a resolution of a grating with a spatial frequency of 4.68 cycles degree\u22121. This detection threshold is lower than the resolution limit for gratings but similar to the threshold for stationary single objects of the same shape. We conclude that the target acuity of budgerigars for moving single targets, just as for stationary single targets, is lower than their acuity for gratings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.058796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T05:16:02Z","timestamp":1628745362000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visual acuity of budgerigars for moving targets"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Chaib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2873-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane Gaviraghi","family":"Mussoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5490-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olle","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3937-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almut","family":"Kelber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090308150754200_BIO058796C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/3.353254","volume-title":"Contrast sensitivity of the human eye and its effects on image quality.","author":"Barten","year":"1999"},{"key":"2021090308150754200_BIO058796C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.3.1089","article-title":"To walk or to fly? 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