{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:42:06Z","timestamp":1789746126445,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005283","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BP4-0172-00168.01.00\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP4-0172-00168.01.00\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["NRF2020R1I1A2066868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2020R1I1A2066868"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020R1A5A2019413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A5A2019413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Universidade Regional do Cariri"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a number of infections and has been described to exhibit resistance to antibacterial drugs through different resistance mechanisms. Among these, active efflux has been shown to be one of the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance associated with S. aureus. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of ellagic acid and gallic acid to reverse resistance by inhibiting the efflux pumps present in S. aureus strains IS-58 and K2068, which express the TetK and MepA flux pumps, respectively. In addition, the toxicity of both compounds was verified in Drosophila melanogaster. Broth microdilution assays were performed to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ellagic acid and gallic acid, whereas efflux pump inhibition was tested using a subinhibitory concentration of standard efflux pump inhibitors, gallic acid and ellagic acid (MIC\/8), where the ability of these compounds to decrease the MIC of ethidium bromide (EtBr) and antibiotics was verified. Toxicity was evaluated by mortality and negative geotaxis assays in D. melanogaster. Ellagic acid and gallic acid showed no direct antibacterial activity on S. aureus strains carrying the efflux pumps TetK and MepA. However, when we looked at the results for the TetK pump, we saw that when the two acids were associated with the antibiotic tetracycline, a potentiation of the antibacterial effect occurred; this behavior was also observed for the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in the MepA strain. For the efflux pump inhibition results, only the compound gallic acid showed potentiating effect on antibacterial activity when associated with the substrate EtBr for the IS-58 strain carrying the TetK efflux pump. Ellagic acid and gallic acid showed no toxicity on the model arthropod D. melanogaster. These results indicate the possible use of gallic acid as an adjuvant in antibiotic therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.059434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T10:29:54Z","timestamp":1662373794000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Evaluation of ellagic acid and gallic acid as efflux pump inhibitors in strains of\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nair Silva","family":"Mac\u00eado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA) 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Rodrigues dos Santos","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA) 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Henrique","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA) 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zildene de Sousa","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA) 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE 2 , Recife, PE, 50740-600 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA) 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Douglas Melo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM) 3 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-600 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 3 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-600 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0508-8748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeid","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ferdows School of Allied Medicine and Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences 4 Department of Public Health , , Birjand 9717853577 , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonglee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean medicine, Kyung Hee University 5 Department of Pathology , , Seoul 02447 , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9130-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Assis Bezerra","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA) 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"},{"name":"URCA 1 , Department of Biological Chemistry - , Crato, CE, 63105-000 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia Vanusa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE 2 , Recife, PE, 50740-600 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)00414-3","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatographic determination with photodiode array detection of ellagic acid in fresh and processed fruits","volume":"896","author":"Amakura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5","article-title":"Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations","volume":"48","author":"Andrews","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071456","article-title":"Drosophila melanogaster models of metal-related human diseases and metal toxicity","volume":"18","author":"Calap-Quintana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-020-01246-x","article-title":"A pursuit of Staphylococcus aureus continues: a role of persister cells","volume":"43","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.65.2.232-260.2001","article-title":"Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance","volume":"65","author":"Chopra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10993","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2993-04.2004","article-title":"Chronic exposure to rotenone models sporadic Parkinson's disease in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"24","author":"Coulom","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1039\/c4tx00162a","article-title":"Eugenia uniflora leaves essential oil induces toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster: Involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Da Cunha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111968","article-title":"Role of nanomaterials in deactivating multiple drug resistance efflux pumps \u2013 a review","volume":"204","author":"Dey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.03.001","article-title":"In vitro e in silico evaluation of the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps by caffeic and gallic acid","volume":"57","author":"dos Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-021-09886-4","article-title":"Enhancement of the antibiotic activity by quercetin against Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps","volume":"53","author":"dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-016-2079-2","article-title":"Resazurin-based 96-well plate microdilution method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of biosurfactants","volume":"38","author":"Elshikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2021.67.1.18","article-title":"UPLC-QTOF-MS\/MS analysis and antibacterial activity of the Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen against Escherichia coli and other MDR bacteria","volume":"67","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105286","article-title":"In vitro and in silico studies of chalcones derived from natural acetophenone inhibitors of NorA and MepA multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"161","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3960170","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3960170","article-title":"Croton campestris A. St.-Hill methanolic fraction in a chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity model in drosophila melanogaster: protective role of gallic acid","volume":"2020","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9509410","article-title":"De Novo antimicrobial peptides with low mammalian cell toxicity","volume":"39","author":"Javadpour","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-020-00280-y","article-title":"Reversal of tetracycline resistance by cepharanthine, cinchonidine, ellagic acid and propyl gallate in a multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli","volume":"11","author":"Jenic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-0046-1","article-title":"The effects of polyphenols on survival and locomotor activity in drosophila melanogaster exposed to iron and paraquat","volume":"35","author":"Jimenez-Del-Rio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1857-1864.2005","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus due to overexpression of a novel multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transport protein","volume":"49","author":"Kaatz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1276-1281.2006","article-title":"MepR, a represser of the Staphylococcus aureus MATE family multidrug efflux pump MepA, is a substrate-responsive regulatory protein","volume":"50","author":"Kaatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2019.32806.7897","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and disease: a mechanistic review","volume":"22","author":"Kahkeshani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks232","article-title":"Capsaicin, a novel inhibitor of the NorA efflux pump, reduces the intracellular invasion of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"67","author":"Kalia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00135-6","article-title":"Ellagic acid prolongs the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"42","author":"Kharat","year":"2020","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0738.179969","article-title":"Abrogation of locomotor impairment in a rotenone-induced Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease by ellagic acid and curcumin","volume":"6","author":"Khatri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nutr. Pharmacol. Neurol. Dis."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.11.005","article-title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with polymicrobial infections","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.08.004","article-title":"Antimicrobial and enhancement of the antibiotic activity by phenolic compounds: Gallic acid, caffeic acid and pyrogallol","volume":"99","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2016.1278294","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of gallic acid, quercetin and limonene on urethane-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"27","author":"Nagpal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Mech. Methods"},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00059-14","article-title":"Impact of Staphylococcus aureus on pathogenesis in polymicrobial infections","volume":"82","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-019-00393-x","article-title":"Gallic acid protects against neurochemical alterations in transgenic Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"20","author":"Ogunsuyi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orient. Pharm. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.7763\/ijcea.2014.v5.416","article-title":"Phenolics in Human Health","volume":"5","author":"Ozcan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.382-402.2006","article-title":"Clinically relevant chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance efflux pumps in bacteria","volume":"19","author":"Piddock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-282061","article-title":"The phytoestrogen prunetin affects body composition and improves fitness and lifespan in male Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"30","author":"Piegholdt","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.321130","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump by ferulic acid and its esterified derivatives","volume":"11","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838101","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/838101","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents and toxicity of duguetia furfuracea hydroalcoholic extract in drosophila melanogaster","volume":"2014","author":"Pinho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.106103","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: prevalence, economic burden, mechanisms of resistance and strategies to overcome","volume":"170","author":"Pulingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.169101","article-title":"A systematic analysis of human disease-associated gene sequences in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"11","author":"Reiter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01679-12","article-title":"Mutagenesis and modeling to predict structural and functional characteristics of the Staphylococcus aureus MepA multidrug efflux pump","volume":"195","author":"Schindler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04678-14","article-title":"Analyses of multidrug efflux pump-like proteins encoded on the Staphylococcus aureus chromosome","volume":"59","author":"Schindler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2019.05.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid and gallic acid on tetR and tetM efflux pumps mediating tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus sp., using computational approach","volume":"32","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. King Saud. Univ. Sci."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.04.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the tannic acid inhibitory effect against the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"97","author":"Tintino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0147-4","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research","volume":"17","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2022100708312928600_BIO059434C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30568","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5215","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate affects glucose metabolism and increases fitness and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"6","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.059434\/2160441\/bio059434.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.059434\/2175270\/bio059434.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.059434\/2175270\/bio059434.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T04:31:48Z","timestamp":1665117108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/11\/10\/bio059434\/277139\/Evaluation-of-ellagic-acid-and-gallic-acid-as"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.059434","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"article-number":"bio059434"}}