{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:09:25Z","timestamp":1779365365426,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["162208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["162208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["468633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["468633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["149046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["149046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006126","name":"Hospital for Sick Children","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>G9a, also known as EHMT2, is essential for embryogenesis and has specific functions in multiple developmental processes. G9a inactivation affects development of the nervous system, which is formed with contribution of descendants of progenitor cells expressing the transcription factor Isl1. However, the function of G9a in Isl1-expressing progenitors is unknown. Here, we show that G9a is required for proper development of multiple structures formed with contribution of Isl1-expressing progenitors. A Cre-dependent GFP reporter revealed that the recombinase activity of the Isl1-Cre used in this study to inactivate G9a was reduced to a subset of Isl1-expressing progenitor cells. G9a mutants reached endpoint by 7\u2005weeks of age with cardiac hypertrophy, hydrocephalus, underdeveloped cerebellum and hind limb paralysis, modeling aspects of Dandy-Walker complex. Moreover, neuroepithelium of the lateral ventricle derived from Isl1-expressing progenitors was thinner and disorganized, potentially compromising cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in G9a mutants. Micro-computed tomography after iodine staining revealed increased volume of the heart, eye lens and brain structures in G9a mutant fetuses. Thus, altered development of descendants of the second heart field and the neural crest could contribute to multicomponent malformation like Dandy-Walker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.059894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T13:52:43Z","timestamp":1689861163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["G9a inactivation in progenitor cells with Isl1-Cre with reduced recombinase activity models aspects of Dandy-Walker complex"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"},{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College 2 Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology , , Beijing 100730 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto 3 Department of Physiology , , Toronto, ON M5S1A8 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto 4 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S1A8 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8914-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Nieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"},{"name":"Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), The Hospital for Sick Children 5 , Toronto, ON M5T3H7 , Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research 6 , Toronto, ON M5G0A3 , Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto 7 Department of Medical Biophysics , , Toronto, ON M5G1L7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5355-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Delgado-Olguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children 1 Translational Medicine , , Toronto, ON M5G0A4 , Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto 4 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S1A8 , Canada"},{"name":"Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence 8 , Toronto, ON M5S3H2 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072808524661300_BIO059894C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.422","article-title":"FOXC1 is required for normal cerebellar development and is a major contributor to chromosome 6p25.3 Dandy-Walker malformation","volume":"41","author":"Aldinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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