{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:37:14Z","timestamp":1784687834407,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IN62337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN62337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["008\/2560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["008\/2560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection can cause several disease conditions of the bile duct including hepatobiliary abnormalities (HBAs) and the most severe, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fibrosis occurs when tissues are damaged and normal wound-healing responses are dysregulated. Neutrophils are the first cells to migrate to an infection site to protect the host from intruding extracellular pathogens through a wide range of effector mechanisms such as phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, proteases, or release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this work, we used confocal microscopy to assess whether Ov crude antigens can cause release of NETs from neutrophils from Ov-free individuals. We demonstrated for the first time that these antigens could induce release of NETs ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner from neutrophils isolated from Ov-free individuals. Intriguingly, when we measured NETs from neutrophils isolated from Ov-infected patients, we found increased spontaneous production of NETs in patients with HBAs. Interestingly, exposure to Ov crude antigens lowered the level of NETs released by neutrophils from patients with active Ov infection regardless of HBA status. We propose that in the case of acute Ov infection, even when concentration of Ov antigens is relatively low, neutrophils can form NETs. However, when this infection becomes chronic, manifesting as a definite HBA, the levels of NET production are reduced when treated with Ov crude antigens. Excessive production of proinflammatory mediators from these NETs might have effects on the parasites, but may also lead to excessive injury of surrounding tissues resulting in HBAs and may lead eventually to the most severe complications such as CCA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.059909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T13:02:27Z","timestamp":1690376547000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neutrophils form extracellular traps in response to <i>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/i> crude antigens, which are elevated in neutrophils from opisthorchiasis patients with hepatobiliary abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Krongkarn","family":"Watakulsin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chalida","family":"Chuenchom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chakrit","family":"Thapphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University 3 , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Duong","family":"Thai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University 3 , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorutsiri","family":"Chareonsudjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University 3 , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiatichai","family":"Faksri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University 3 , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutas","family":"Suttiprapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease) 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Tropical Disease Research Center 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Khon Kaen University 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirikachorn","family":"Tangkawatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease) 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Tropical Disease Research Center 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Khon Kaen University 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banchob","family":"Sripa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease) 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Tropical Disease Research Center 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Khon Kaen University 2 , , Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology 4 , Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , , Liverpool , L69 7ZB, UK"},{"name":"University of Liverpool 4 , Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , , Liverpool , L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4731-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanin","family":"Salao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University 3 , Khon Kaen 40000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080710323953500_BIO059909C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao4227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao4227","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice","volume":"361","author":"Albrengues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023080710323953500_BIO059909C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1451","article-title":"Memory T(H)2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasites","volume":"12","author":"Anthony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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