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Snakes are an especially interesting system for studying substrate effects because their gait depends more on the environment than on their speed. We tested sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes) on two surfaces: sand collected from their natural environment and vinyl tile flooring, an artificial surface often used to elicit sidewinding in laboratory settings. Of ten kinematic variables examined, two differed significantly between the substrates: the body's waveform had an average of \u223c17% longer wavelength on vinyl flooring (measured in body lengths), and snakes lifted their bodies an average of \u223c40% higher on sand (measured in body lengths). Sidewinding may also differ among substrates in ways we did not measure (e.g. ground reaction forces and energetics), leaving open clear directions for future study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.060146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T13:03:31Z","timestamp":1698843811000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Locomotor kinematics on sand versus vinyl flooring in the sidewinder rattlesnake <i>Crotalus cerastes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4336-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Tingle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Akron, Akron 44325 1 Department of Biology , , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5831-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian M.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Akron, Akron 44325 1 Department of Biology , , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Theodore","family":"Garland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California 2 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology , , Riverside 92521 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023111015400387800_BIO060146C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821074-1.00015-3","article-title":"Slithering across worlds\u2014snake-inspired robots for extraterrestrial exploration","volume-title":"Biomimicry for Aerospace: Technologies and Applications","author":"Astley","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023111015400387800_BIO060146C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418965112","article-title":"Modulation of orthogonal body waves enables high maneuverability in sidewinding locomotion","volume":"112","author":"Astley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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