{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:58:44Z","timestamp":1790780324839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"University of Antwerp","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DOCPRO4-TTZAPBOF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOCPRO4-TTZAPBOF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"University of Antwerp","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FFB210025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFB210025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"University of Antwerp","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SEP BOF FFB190380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEP BOF FFB190380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Foundation \u2013 Flanders","award":["FWO 1505819N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO 1505819N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The dehusking of seeds by granivorous songbirds is a complex process that requires fast, coordinated and sensory-feedback-controlled movements of beak and tongue. Hence, efficient seed handling requires a high degree of sensorimotoric skill and behavioural flexibility, since seeds vary considerably in size, shape and husk structure. To deal with this variability, individuals might specialise on specific seed types, which could result in greater seed handling efficiency of the preferred seed type, but lower efficiency for other seed types. To test this, we assessed seed preferences of canaries (Serinus canaria) through food choice experiments and related these to data of feeding performance, seed-handling skills and beak kinematics during feeding on small, spindle-shaped canary seeds and larger, spheroid-shaped hemp seeds. We found great variety in seed preferences among individuals: some had no clear preference, while others almost exclusively fed on hemp seeds, or even prioritized novel seed types (millet seed). Surprisingly, we only observed few and weak effects of seed preference on feeding efficiency. This suggests either that the ability to handle seeds efficiently can be readily applied across various seed types, or alternatively, that achieving high levels of seed-specific handling skills does not require extensive practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.060353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T13:25:17Z","timestamp":1711373117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seed preference is only weakly linked to seed-type-specific feeding performance in a songbird"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Andries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp 1 Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Department of Biology , , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen , Belgium"},{"name":"University of Antwerp 2 Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology , , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7273-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendt","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp 2 Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology , , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Van Wassenbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp 1 Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Department of Biology , , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2307\/1366230","article-title":"Seed selection and handling ability of four species of Darwin's finches","volume":"77","author":"Abbott","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Condor"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.14402","article-title":"Skill rather than beak kinematics affects seed handling performance in a granivorous songbird","volume":"37","author":"Andries","year":"2023","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Andries","year":"2023","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.1jwstqk09"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.9w0vt4bpc","article-title":"Data from: Seed preference is only weakly linked to seed-type-specific feeding performance in a songbird, Dryad, Dataset","author":"Andries","year":"2024"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.52.1.89","article-title":"Candidate bird species for use in aging research","volume":"52","author":"Austad","year":"2011","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[2617:AGVIWS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Adaptive geographic variation in Western Scrub-Jays","volume":"82","author":"Bardwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[2936:MILRS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Measuring individual-level resource specialization","volume":"83","author":"Bolnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/343878","article-title":"The ecology of individuals: Incidence and implications of individual specialization","volume":"161","author":"Bolnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.01.009","article-title":"Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology","volume":"26","author":"Bolnick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20171596","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.1596","article-title":"The role of skill in animal contests: A neglected component of fighting ability","volume":"284","author":"Briffa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(95)80139-1","article-title":"Local enhancement and seed choice in the juvenile canary, Serinus canarius","volume":"50","author":"Cadieu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-007-0505-0","article-title":"Social transmission of food handling in the context of triadic interactions between adults and young canaries","volume":"62","author":"Cadieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2307\/1937838","article-title":"The estimation and analysis of preference and its relationship to foraging models","volume":"64","author":"Chesson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0402-5","article-title":"The ecological importance of intraspecific variation","volume":"2","author":"Des Roches","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317076","article-title":"Variability in seed size selection by granivorous passerines: effects of bird size, bird size variability, and ecological plasticity","volume":"99","author":"Diaz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(95)02093-4","article-title":"Food choice by seed-eating birds in relation to seed chemistry","volume":"113A","author":"Diaz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01038.x","article-title":"The effects of early feeding experience on long-term seed choice by canaries (Serinus canaria)","volume":"97","author":"Doherty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2307\/1936664","article-title":"A simple measure of niche breadth","volume":"62","author":"Feinsinger","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.19.110188.001231","article-title":"The evolution of ecological specialization","volume":"19","author":"Futuyma","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/327511a0","article-title":"Oscillating selection on Darwin's finches","volume":"327","author":"Gibbs","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.1.257","article-title":"Darwin's finches: population variation and natural selection","volume":"73","author":"Grant","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1163\/156853987X00350","article-title":"Persistence in foraging: when do bullfinches abandon unprofitable seeds?","volume":"103","author":"Greig-Smith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb230607","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.230607","article-title":"Testing the influence of crushing surface variation on seed-cracking performance among beak morphs of the African seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus","volume":"224","author":"Heckeberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-8463.2005.00923.x","article-title":"Bite performance and morphology in a population of Darwin's finches: implications for the evolution of beak shape","volume":"19","author":"Herrel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1071\/MU09034","article-title":"Adaptation and function of Darwin's finch beaks: divergence by feeding type and sex","volume":"110","author":"Herrel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emu"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1676\/13-066.1","article-title":"Factors influencing seed species selection by wild birds at feeders","volume":"126","author":"Johansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wilson J. Ornithol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05694.x","article-title":"Food selection in finches with special reference to inter-specific differences","volume":"138","author":"Kear","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C29","unstructured":"Keating, J. F\n          . (1989). Selection responses of avian granivores to various morphological food characteristics. M.S. theses, Kansas State University, Manhattan."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2307\/4088160","article-title":"Role of handling time in selection of extruded food morsels by two granivorous bird species","volume":"109","author":"Keating","year":"1992","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0330","article-title":"Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds","volume":"53","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02875","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.02875","article-title":"Plausible causes of seed preferences and diet composition in seed-eating passerines","volume":"2022","author":"Marone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb244360","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.244360","article-title":"Three-dimensional movement of the beak during seed processing in domestic canaries","volume":"225","author":"Mielke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(199704)232:1&lt;1::AID-JMOR1&gt;3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Characters discriminating two seed husking mechanisms in finches (Fringillidae: Carduelinae) and estrildids (Passeridae: Estrildidae)","volume":"232","author":"Nuijens","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1139\/z04-101","article-title":"Dominance-related social foraging in female domesticated canaries under laboratory conditions","volume":"82","author":"Parisot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1086\/285552","article-title":"Adaptive geographical variation in bill shape of scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens)","volume":"142","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1086\/284221","article-title":"Age structure component of niche width and intraspecific resource partitioning: can age groups function as ecological species?","volume":"123","author":"Polis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2307\/1938373","article-title":"Diet variation in a population of Darwin's finches","volume":"68","author":"Price","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1086\/409852","article-title":"Optimal foraging: a selective review of theory and tests","volume":"52","author":"Pyke","year":"1977","journal-title":"Q Rev. Biol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/S0960258511000031","article-title":"Granivore seed-size preferences","volume":"21","author":"Radtke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seed Sci. Res."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1086\/416458","article-title":"Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence","volume":"64","author":"Shine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2307\/4078790","article-title":"Social hierarchy in flocks of the canary","volume":"56","author":"Shoemaker","year":"1939","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)89135-1","article-title":"Resource polymorphisms in vertebrates","volume":"10","author":"Skulason","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.2307\/1368019","article-title":"Colour preferences and short term learning by Steller's jays","volume":"79","author":"Slaby","year":"1977","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1071\/MU05018","article-title":"The effect of bill structure on seed selection and handling ability of five species of granivorous birds","volume":"107","author":"Soobramoney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emu Austral Ornithol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0280","article-title":"Mechanical stress, fracture risk, and beak evolution in Darwin's ground finches (Geospiza)","volume":"365","author":"Soons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2007.08.006","article-title":"Does maternal social hierarchy affect yolk testosterone deposition in domesticated canaries?","volume":"75","author":"Tanvez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000047204","article-title":"Relative size of the hyperstriatum ventrale is the best predictor of feeding innovation rate in birds","volume":"56","author":"Timmermans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Evol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1676\/17-003.1","article-title":"Seed size, bill morphology, and handling time influence preferences for native vs. nonnative grass seeds in three declining sparrows","volume":"130","author":"Titulaer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wilson J. Ornithol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C51","author":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-114","article-title":"Seed selection in the Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora): preference and mechanical constraint","volume":"78","author":"van der Meij","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02379","article-title":"Seed husking time and maximal bite force in finches","volume":"209","author":"van der Meij","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1300.1","article-title":"Long-term individual foraging site fidelity\u2014why some gannets don't change their spots","volume":"96","author":"Wakefield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2024041112390238500_BIO060353C55","first-page":"273","article-title":"Age-specific foraging proficiency in birds","volume":"8","author":"Wunderle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Ornithol."}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.060353\/3402990\/bio060353.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.060353\/3415319\/bio060353.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.060353\/3415319\/bio060353.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T12:39:25Z","timestamp":1712839165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/13\/4\/bio060353\/346523\/Seed-preference-is-only-weakly-linked-to-seed-type"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.060353","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"article-number":"bio060353"}}