{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:48:47Z","timestamp":1787021327474,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000041","name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Animal vocalizations can evolve structural features as long-term adaptations to noisy environments. Using such signals, cetaceans could mitigate masking from vessel noise. This study investigates whether beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) use ultrasonic high-frequency burst pulse (HFBP) calls to communicate in noisy conditions. We identified HFBP calls in three populations: St Lawrence Estuary, Eastern High Arctic-Baffin Bay, and Western Hudson Bay. Focusing on the industrialized St Lawrence, we investigated the effects of vessel noise on HFBP call rates compared to other call types. Ultrasonic calls, spanning a bandwidth of 36.4\u00b16.5 to 144\u2005kHz (Nyquist frequency), comprised 13% of the St Lawrence beluga repertoire (n=25,435). Noise events (n=21) were defined as periods when at least one vessel was visible within 2\u2005km of the hydrophone while belugas were within 500\u2005m. Sound pressure levels were measured before, during, and after exposure. Generalized linear mixed models revealed consistent HFBP call rates before, during, and after vessel noise exposure, while contact calls and other call types declined during exposure (n=4528). These findings suggest that ultrasonic signals that evolved in the Arctic \u2013 where ice-associated noise may have created a need for high-frequency communication \u2013 remain a viable communication channel in vessel noise, allowing belugas to exploit these signals to maintain communication. Understanding how belugas use signals in noisy environments can inform conservation strategies for noise-impacted marine mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.061783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T10:56:19Z","timestamp":1740480979000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of vessel noise on beluga (\n                    <i>Delphinapterus leucas<\/i>\n                    ) call type use: ultrasonic communication as an adaptation to noisy environments?"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1325-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Raincoast Conservation Foundation 1 Cetacean Conservation Research Program , , PO Box\u00a02429, Sidney, BC V8L 3Y3 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Ana","family":"Mikus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raincoast Conservation Foundation 1 Cetacean Conservation Research Program , , PO Box\u00a02429, Sidney, BC V8L 3Y3 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Chion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais 2 D\u00e9partement des Sciences Naturelles , , Ripon, QC J0V 1V0 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Lagrois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais 2 D\u00e9partement des Sciences Naturelles , , Ripon, QC J0V 1V0 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Marcoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 3 , 501 University Cres., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals 4 , 108 Rue de la cale s\u00e8che, Tadoussac, QC G0T 2A0 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032009220441500_BIO061783C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.46.4.2020.344","article-title":"Trajectories of vocal repertoire development in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) calves: insights from studies a decade apart","volume":"46","author":"Ames","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquat. 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