{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:23:37Z","timestamp":1784067817862,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hip stabilization through muscular activation of the gluteals is a key feature of hominin walking, but the role of pelvic shape on muscular activation remains uncertain. Coupled with this is the uncertainty regarding whether the kinematics and kinetics of modern humans are appropriate in extinct hominins. We apply modern human kinematics and kinetics to musculoskeletal models with modern human-like and australopithecine-like hips. We test the prediction that the hip functional complex that includes biacetabular breadth, femoral neck length, and iliac blade flare, produces hip abductor muscle activations that are similar in the modern human- and australopithecine-like forms. Using previously developed musculoskeletal models, we calculated muscle forces using inverse dynamics analyses and a muscle redundancy algorithm for ten individuals who walked at their normal velocity. We found that the shape of the australopithecine-like pelvis produces absolutely higher muscle activations in gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, but lower muscle activations across a long period of stance in gluteus maximus compared to the modern human-like pelvis when kinematics and size are held constant. These results suggest that, while the australopithecine-like pelvis is compatible with human walking patterns, influences on pelvic shape other than accommodating muscle and joint reaction forces during walking are present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.061931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T05:46:50Z","timestamp":1749188810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hip stabilization in an australopithecine-like hip: the influence of shape on muscle activation"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Ann","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Anthropology, University of Washington Seattle Campus: University of Washington 1 , Box\u00a0353100, Denny Hall, Seattle, WA 98195-3100 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5234-074X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam D.","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 2 , 1830 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330630105","article-title":"Stride length and speed for adults, children, and fossil hominids","volume":"63","author":"Alexander","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138494","article-title":"Determination of muscle orientations and moment arms","volume":"106","author":"An","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819531-4.00004-3","article-title":"Introduction to musculoskeletal modelling","volume-title":"Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System","author":"Andersen","year":"2021"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25189","article-title":"Investigating the quadrupedal abilities of Scutellosaurus lawleri and its implications for locomotor behavior evolution among dinosaurs","volume":"306","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.11.025","article-title":"Running performance in Australopithecus afarensis","volume":"35","author":"Bates","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00720.2021","article-title":"Shorter muscle fascicle operating lengths increase the metabolic cost of cyclic force production","volume":"133","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21633","article-title":"Lumbar lordosis of extinct hominins","volume":"147","author":"Been","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22507","article-title":"Brief communication: lumbar lordosis in extinct hominins: implications of the pelvic incidence","volume":"154","author":"Been","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121791","article-title":"A method for registration of 3D shapes","volume":"14","author":"Besl","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE. Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.07.014","article-title":"A volumetric technique for fossil body mass estimation applied to Australopithecus afarensis","volume":"115","author":"Brassey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02999","article-title":"A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia","volume":"431","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24680","article-title":"Sex-specific sagittal and frontal plane gait mechanics in persons post-hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Brown-Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.034","article-title":"TLEM 2.0-A comprehensive musculoskeletal geometry dataset for subject-specific modeling of lower extremity","volume":"48","author":"Carbone","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.10.001","article-title":"The metabolic costs of \u2018bent-hip, bent-knee\u2019 walking in humans","volume":"48","author":"Carey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2016.06.001","article-title":"Virtual reconstruction of the Australopithecus africanus pelvis Sts 65 with implications for obstetrics and locomotion","volume":"99","author":"Claxton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0222","article-title":"The mechanical effectiveness of erect and \u201cbent-hip, bent-knee\u2019\u2019\u2019 bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis","volume":"35","author":"Crompton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204109","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204109","article-title":"Refining muscle geometry and wrapping in the TLEM 2 model for improved hip contact force prediction","volume":"13","author":"De Pieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024","article-title":"OpenSim: open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement","volume":"54","author":"Delp","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb245132","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.245132","article-title":"Modern three-dimensional digital methods for studying locomotor biomechanics in tetrapods","volume":"226","author":"Demuth","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232999","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232999","article-title":"The lower limb and mechanics of walking in Australopithecus sediba","volume":"340","author":"DeSilva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1996.0095","article-title":"Ontogeny of locomotion in mountain gorillas and chimpanzees","volume":"32","author":"Doran","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150229","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0229","article-title":"Major transitions in human evolution","volume":"371","author":"Foley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0221-8747(82)90031-5","article-title":"Mechanical determinants of bone modeling","volume":"4","author":"Frost","year":"1982","journal-title":"Metab. Bone Dis. Relat. Res."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10119","article-title":"Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update","volume":"275A","author":"Frost","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. Adv. Integr. Anat. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.04.004","article-title":"Principles for the virtual reconstruction of hominin crania","volume":"57","author":"Gunz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004527107","article-title":"An early Australopithecus afarensis postcranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia","volume":"107","author":"Haile-Selassie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-022-01929-2","article-title":"Arched footprints preserve the motions of fossil hominin feet","volume":"7","author":"Hatala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1995.1063","article-title":"Comparison of the pelves of Sts 14 and AL288-1: implications for birth and sexual dimorphism in australopithecines","volume":"29","author":"H\u00e4usler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330350109","article-title":"The distal femoral anatomy of australopithecus","volume":"35","author":"Heiple","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1999.0382","article-title":"Estimating stature in fossil hominids: which regression model and reference sample to use?","volume":"38","author":"Hens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330570403","article-title":"Morphology of the Pliocene partial hominid skeleton (A.L. 288-1) from the Hadar formation, Ethiopia","volume":"57","author":"Johanson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/297676a0","article-title":"Lucy's limbs: skeletal allometry and locomotion in Australopithecus afarensis","volume":"297","author":"Jungers","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C33","first-page":"1","article-title":"A pygmy perspective on body size and shape in Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1, \u201cLucy\u201d)","volume-title":"Origines De La Bipedie Chez Les Hominides","author":"Jungers","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.08.014","article-title":"Descriptions of the lower limb skeleton of Homo floresiensis","volume":"57","author":"Jungers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715120115","article-title":"Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil hominins","volume":"115","author":"Kozma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.20.2807","article-title":"Modelling the locomotor energetics of extinct hominids","volume":"202","author":"Kramer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.4207\/PA.2009.ART32","article-title":"Bipedal form and locomotor function: understanding the effects of size and shape on velocity and energetics","volume":"2009","author":"Kramer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PaleoAnthropology"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0284450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284450","article-title":"Hip width and metabolic energy expenditure of abductor muscles Hip width and metabolic energy expenditure of abductor muscles","volume":"18","author":"Kramer","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1188-118","article-title":"Evolution of human walking","volume":"259","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C40","first-page":"95","article-title":"The natural history of human gait and posture Part 1. Spine and pelvis","volume":"21","author":"Lovejoy","year":"2005","journal-title":". Gait Posture"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330380315","article-title":"The gait of Australopithecus","volume":"38","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13247","article-title":"Morphological analysis of the mammalian postcranium: a developmental perspective","volume":"96","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10111","article-title":"The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil record","volume":"119","author":"Lovejoy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175833","article-title":"The great divides: Ardipithecus ramidus reveals the postcrania of our last common ancestors with African apes","volume":"326","author":"Lovejoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20830","article-title":"Cross-sectional analysis of long bones, occupational activities and long-distance trade of the Classic Maya from Xcamb\u00f3 - Archaeological and osteological evidence","volume":"136","author":"Maggiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001812010364","article-title":"Pelvic tilt angle differences between symptom-free young subjects and elderly patients scheduled for THA: the rationale for tilt-adjusted acetabular cup implantation","volume":"12","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Orthop. J."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510045471","article-title":"The frontal pelvic plane provides a valid reference system for implantation of the acetabular cup: Spatial orientation of the pelvis in different positions","volume":"76","author":"Mayr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20221189","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.1189","article-title":"Humans trade off whole-body energy cost to avoid overburdening muscles while walking","volume":"289","author":"McDonald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00506","article-title":"GIBBON: the geometry and image-based bioengineering add-on","volume":"3","author":"Moerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.46","article-title":"Point set registration: coherent point drifts","volume":"32","author":"Myronenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24845","article-title":"A three\u2013dimensional musculoskeletal model of the pelvis and lower limb of Australopithecus afarensis","volume":"183","author":"O'Neill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Biol. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.114512","article-title":"Muscle force, work and cost: a novel technique to revisit the Fenn effect","volume":"218","author":"Ortega","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.07.031","article-title":"Vector field statistical analysis of kinematic and force trajectories","volume":"46","author":"Pataky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.01.023","article-title":"Vector field statistics for objective center-of-pressure trajectory analysis during gait, with evidence of scalar sensitivity to small coordinate system rotations","volume":"40","author":"Pataky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1179\/106698108790818459","article-title":"Variation in pelvic morphology may prevent the identification of anterior pelvic tilt","volume":"16","author":"Preece","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Man. Manip. Ther."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330980412","article-title":"Biomechanics of the hip and birth in early Homo","volume":"98","author":"Ruff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23402","article-title":"Functional morphology in the pages of the AJPA","volume":"165","author":"Ruff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22214","article-title":"Femoral neck structure and function in early hominins","volume":"150","author":"Ruff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.21988","article-title":"The estimation and evolution of hominin body mass","volume":"32","author":"Ruff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evol. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.10.014","article-title":"Lower limb articular scaling and body mass estimation in Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins","volume":"115","author":"Ruff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0124-4","article-title":"A multimodal dataset of human gait at different walking speeds established on injury-free adult participants","volume":"6","author":"Schreiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0060","article-title":"Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors","volume":"2","author":"Sellers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3420","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3420","article-title":"Investigating the running abilities of Tyrannosaurus rex using stress-constrained multibody dynamic analysis","volume":"2017","author":"Sellers","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00700-7","article-title":"Development of the femoral bicondylar angle in hominid bipedalism","volume":"30","author":"Shefelbine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163592","article-title":"A female homo erectus pelvis from Gona, Ethiopia","volume":"322","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C66","article-title":"Natural selection and decision making: some fundamental principles","volume-title":"Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior","author":"Smith","year":"1984"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330600302","article-title":"The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis","volume":"60","author":"Stern","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.04.016","article-title":"Locomotor decoupling and the origin of hominin bipedalism","volume":"242","author":"Sylvester","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a55","DOI":"10.26879\/1275","article-title":"Achieving kinematic identity across shape diversity in musculoskeletal modeling","volume":"26","author":"Sylvester","year":"2023","journal-title":"Palaeontol. Electron."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.05.019","article-title":"Assessing A.L. 288-1 femur length using computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction","volume":"55","author":"Sylvester","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.058595","article-title":"Muscle forces and the demands of human walking","volume":"10","author":"Sylvester","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(86)80052-5","article-title":"The obstetric pelvis of A.L. 288-1 (Lucy)","volume":"15","author":"Tague","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140799","article-title":"Origin of human bipedalism as an adaptation for locomotion on flexible branches","volume":"316","author":"Thorpe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science (80-.)"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23301","article-title":"Energetic cost of walking in fossil hominins","volume":"164","author":"Vidal-Cordasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23877","article-title":"Morphology of the Homo naledi femora from Lesedi","volume":"170","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.08.007","article-title":"Comparison of inverse-dynamics musculo-skeletal models of AL 288-1 Australopithecus afarensis and KNM-WT 15000 Homo ergaster to modern humans, with implications for the evolution of bipedalism","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1159\/000258646","article-title":"The kinematics of load carrying in humans and great apes: implications for the evolution of human bipedalism","volume":"80","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Folia Primatol."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175802","article-title":"Ardipithecus ramidus and the Paleobiology of Early Hominids","volume":"326","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230356","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.230356","article-title":"Three-dimensional volumetric muscle reconstruction of the Australopithecus afarensis pelvis and limb, with estimations of limb leverage","volume":"10","author":"Wiseman","year":"2023","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C80","volume-title":"Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen","author":"Wolff","year":"1892"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.65","article-title":"The human genus","volume":"284","author":"Wood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025062510195714800_BIO061931C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000155465","article-title":"A biomechanical interpretation of the pelvis of australopithecus","volume":"18","author":"Zihlman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Folia Primatol."}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.061931\/3651189\/bio061931.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.061931\/3653226\/bio061931.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.061931\/3653226\/bio061931.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T10:20:03Z","timestamp":1750846803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/14\/6\/bio061931\/368339\/Hip-stabilization-in-an-australopithecine-like-hip"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.061931","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.02.13.637980","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"article-number":"bio061931"}}