{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T01:12:48Z","timestamp":1772068368161,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P20 GM144230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM144230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 EY030056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY030056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 EY034123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY034123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009455","name":"West Virginia University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009455","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rod photoreceptor stability is critical for retinal health and lifelong vision. Rhodopsin (Rho) trafficking is essential for rod homeostasis, as its mislocalization precedes rod cell death in inherited retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms of Rho trafficking in mammalian rods remain largely undefined. We investigated Rho's subcellular organization in the mammalian rod Golgi complex. We utilized STORM and structured illumination microscopy super-resolution imaging to map Golgi proteins with Rho in mouse and macaque rods. Our analysis found that a large proportion of Rho in this subcellular region colocalizes with Rab6a in the trans-Golgi. To functionally test this interaction, we utilized a dominant-negative Rab6a mutant in HEK293T cells and mouse rods. The mutant significantly inhibits Rho secretion in cell culture, causing intracellular retention. In mouse rods, the mutant similarly causes significant trans-Golgi Rho retention; however, a majority of Rho protein still escaped the Golgi and reached the outer segment. Together, these findings uncover critical new subcellular details about Rho organization at the Golgi and establish a role for Rab6a as a regulator of Rho protein release from the trans-Golgi in mammalian rods. Our results provide critical insight into the protein trafficking mechanisms essential for long-term photoreceptor health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.062303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T09:29:01Z","timestamp":1762248541000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Super-resolution microscopy reveals a Rab6a-dependent trafficking hub for rhodopsin at the mammalian rod photoreceptor Golgi"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7763-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Hekmatara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen N.","family":"Haggerty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Brothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bali","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Medicine 2 , Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science , , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"School of Medicine 2 , Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science , , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Luxardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Medicine 2 , Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science , , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"School of Medicine 2 , Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science , , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala","family":"Moshiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Medicine 2 , Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science , , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"School of Medicine 2 , Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science , , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Tao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Robichaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University School of Medicine 1 , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0143-18.2018","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0143-18.2018","article-title":"a large endoplasmic reticulum-resident pool of TRPM1 in retinal ON-bipolar cells","volume":"5","author":"Agosto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02085-6","article-title":"StayGold variants for molecular fusion and membrane-targeting applications","volume":"21","author":"Ando","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.10.002","article-title":"The molecular and cellular basis of rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa reveals potential strategies for therapy","volume":"62","author":"Athanasiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03307","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03307","article-title":"Integrated control of transporter endocytosis and recycling by the arrestin-related protein Rod1 and the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5","volume":"3","author":"Becuwe","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-04-01035.1985","article-title":"Membrane assembly in retinal photoreceptors. III. Distinct membrane domains of the connecting cilium of developing rods","volume":"5","author":"Besharse","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C6","first-page":"1028","article-title":"A diurnal rhythm in opsin content of Rana pipiens rod inner segments","volume":"29","author":"Bird","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C7","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in the Golgi apparatus of monkey foveal cones. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization","volume":"33","author":"Carter-Dawson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs.229526","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.229526","article-title":"The route of the visual receptor, rhodopsin, along the cilium","volume":"132","author":"Chadha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001070103","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the rods of the mouse retina","volume":"107","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10904","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010904","article-title":"Q344ter mutation causes mislocalization of rhodopsin molecules that are catalytically active: a mouse model of Q344ter-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Concepcion","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy359","article-title":"Prph2 initiates outer segment morphogenesis but maturation requires Prph2\/Rom1 oligomerization","volume":"28","author":"Conley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21173","article-title":"Distinct functions for IFT140 and IFT20 in opsin transport","volume":"71","author":"Crouse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248354","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248354","article-title":"Effect of conditional deletion of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain DYNC1H1 on postnatal photoreceptors","volume":"16","author":"Dahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2378","article-title":"Exiting the Golgi complex","volume":"9","author":"De Matteis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2006.00395.x","article-title":"Rab6A and Rab6A\u2032 GTPases play non-overlapping roles in membrane trafficking","volume":"7","author":"Del Nery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.113.6.1281","article-title":"Polarized sorting of rhodopsin on post-Golgi membranes in frog retinal photoreceptor cells","volume":"113","author":"Deretic","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2019.1616355","article-title":"The ins and outs of the Arf4-based ciliary membrane-targeting complex","volume":"12","author":"Deretic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2023.2238330","article-title":"Rab6-mediated retrograde trafficking from the Golgi: the trouble with tubules","volume":"14","author":"Dornan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5350.580","article-title":"Interaction of a Golgi-associated kinesin-like protein with Rab6","volume":"279","author":"Echard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.72.6.801","article-title":"Rod sensitivity and visual pigment concentration in Xenopus","volume":"72","author":"Engbretson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971013)387:1&lt;148::AID-CNE12&gt;3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Evidence from normal and degenerating photoreceptors that two outer segment integral membrane proteins have separate transport pathways","volume":"387","author":"Fariss","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.10.004","article-title":"Cellular remodeling in mammalian retina: results from studies of experimental retinal detachment","volume":"24","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6916","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6916","article-title":"Efficient photoreceptor-targeted gene expression in vivo by recombinant adeno-associated virus","volume":"94","author":"Flannery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e06-02-0133","article-title":"The intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 is associated with the golgi complex and is required for cilia assembly","volume":"17","author":"Follit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JCS263401","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.263401","article-title":"Rabin8 phosphorylated by NDR2, the canine early retinal degeneration gene product, directs rhodopsin Golgi-to-cilia trafficking","volume":"138","author":"Fresquez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-006-0194-y","article-title":"Phototransduction in mouse rods and cones","volume":"454","author":"Fu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)86876-X","article-title":"Rhodopsin carbohydrate. Structure of small oligosaccharides attached at two sites near the NH2 terminus","volume":"254","author":"Fukuda","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e16-07-0549","article-title":"Untangling ciliary access and enrichment of two rhodopsin-like receptors using quantitative fluorescence microscopy reveals cell-specific sorting pathways","volume":"28","author":"Geneva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12301-7","article-title":"The ALFA-tag is a highly versatile tool for nanobody-based bioscience applications","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f6tzke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2007.06.010","article-title":"Rab6 regulates transport and targeting of exocytotic carriers","volume":"13","author":"Grigoriev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.08.005","article-title":"Immunocytochemical evidence of Tulp1-dependent outer segment protein transport pathways in photoreceptor cells","volume":"93","author":"Grossman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100844","article-title":"Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina","volume":"78","author":"Gr\u00fcnert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JCS263814","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.263814","article-title":"Inpp5e is crucial for photoreceptor outer segment maintenance","volume":"138","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3002467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002467","article-title":"Super-resolution mapping in rod photoreceptors identifies rhodopsin trafficking through the inner segment plasma membrane as an essential subcellular pathway","volume":"22","author":"Haggerty","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2532","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.414","article-title":"Globozoospermia and lack of acrosome formation in GM130-deficient mice","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(86)90017-5","article-title":"Differential immunogold-dextran labeling of bovine and frog rod and cone cells using monoclonal antibodies against bovine rhodopsin","volume":"42","author":"Hicks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201007050","article-title":"Polycystin-2 takes different routes to the somatic and ciliary plasma membrane","volume":"192","author":"Hoffmeister","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-021-02284-1","article-title":"Pathogenic STX3 variants affecting the retinal and intestinal transcripts cause an early-onset severe retinal dystrophy in microvillus inclusion disease subjects","volume":"140","author":"Janecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12765","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.638437","article-title":"Heterotrimeric kinesin-2 (KIF3) mediates transition zone and axoneme formation of mouse photoreceptors","volume":"290","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20615","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2010751117","article-title":"Syntaxin 3 is essential for photoreceptor outer segment protein trafficking and survival","volume":"117","author":"Kakakhel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs222034","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.222034","article-title":"An interaction network between the SNARE VAMP7 and Rab GTPases within a ciliary membrane-targeting complex","volume":"131","author":"Kandachar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e10-09-0792","article-title":"IFT20 is required for opsin trafficking and photoreceptor outer segment development","volume":"22","author":"Keady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev172106","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.172106","article-title":"A crucial role for Arf6 in the response of commissural axons to Slit","volume":"146","author":"Kinoshita-Kawada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2408551121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2408551121","article-title":"Contribution of intraflagellar transport to compartmentalization and maintenance of the photoreceptor cell","volume":"121","author":"Lewis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)50382-3","article-title":"Structure of the carbohydrate moieties of bovine rhodopsin","volume":"254","author":"Liang","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e03-07-0497","article-title":"Endocytosed cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor traffics via the endocytic recycling compartment en route to the trans-Golgi network and a subpopulation of late endosomes","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.4.7.679","article-title":"Giantin, a novel conserved Golgi membrane protein containing a cytoplasmic domain of at least 350 kDa","volume":"4","author":"Linstedt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90685-5","article-title":"Rapid redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER in cells treated with brefeldin A: evidence for membrane cycling from Golgi to ER","volume":"56","author":"Lippincott-Schwartz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.20.2589","article-title":"Defective phototransductive disk membrane morphogenesis in transgenic mice expressing opsin with a mutated N-terminal domain","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01090","article-title":"The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane","volume":"117","author":"Macia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.6.1575","article-title":"The small GTP-binding protein rab6 functions in intra-Golgi transport","volume":"127","author":"Martinez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb891","article-title":"Bicaudal-D regulates COPI-independent Golgi-ER transport by recruiting the dynein-dynactin motor complex","volume":"4","author":"Matanis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.267","article-title":"Ciliary targeting motif VxPx directs assembly of a trafficking module through Arf4","volume":"28","author":"Mazelova","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01258247","article-title":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and other agranular reticulum in frog retinal photoreceptors","volume":"11","author":"Mercurio","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0242284","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242284","article-title":"Chronically shortened rod outer segments accompany photoreceptor cell death in Choroideremia","volume":"15","author":"Meschede","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57034","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057034","article-title":"Rab6a\/a\u2019 are important Golgi regulators of pro-inflammatory TNF secretion in macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Micaroni","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2067","article-title":"Rab and actomyosin-dependent fission of transport vesicles at the golgi complex","volume":"12","author":"Miserey-Lenkei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01266-0","article-title":"Coupling fission and exit of RAB6 vesicles at Golgi hotspots through kinesin-myosin interactions","volume":"8","author":"Miserey-Lenkei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00272a020","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to rhodopsin: characterization, cross-reactivity, and application as structural probes","volume":"22","author":"Molday","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28242","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101476200","article-title":"A functional rhodopsin-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes correctly in transgenic Xenopus laevis retinal rods and is expressed in a time-dependent pattern","volume":"276","author":"Moritz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs.263869","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.263869","article-title":"Sub-ciliary localization of CEP290 and effects of its loss in mouse photoreceptors during development","volume":"138","author":"Moye","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810902962405","article-title":"Rhodopsin: the functional significance of Asn-linked glycosylation and other post-translational modifications","volume":"30","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv031","article-title":"Glycosylation of rhodopsin is necessary for its stability and incorporation into photoreceptor outer segment discs","volume":"24","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.131.6.1715","article-title":"Characterization of a cis-Golgi matrix protein, GM130","volume":"131","author":"Nakamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s5901","article-title":"The outer limiting membrane (OLM) revisited: clinical implications","volume":"4","author":"Omri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.15.2725","article-title":"The small GTPase Rab6B, a novel Rab6 subfamily member, is cell-type specifically expressed and localised to the Golgi apparatus","volume":"113","author":"Opdam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902880113","article-title":"Photoreceptor topography of the retina in the adult pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina)","volume":"288","author":"Packer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00153","article-title":"A kinetic view of membrane traffic pathways can transcend the classical view of Golgi compartments","volume":"7","author":"Pantazopoulou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C69","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Vesicular transport of newly synthesized opsin from the Golgi apparatus toward the rod outer segment. Ultrastructural immunocytochemical and autoradiographic evidence in Xenopus retinas","volume":"26","author":"Papermaster","year":"1985","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/34.1.2934469","article-title":"Biosynthesis and vectorial transport of opsin on vesicles in retinal rod photoreceptors","volume":"34","author":"Papermaster","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.03.002","article-title":"Protein sorting, targeting and trafficking in photoreceptor cells","volume":"36","author":"Pearring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006740","article-title":"Loss of Arf4 causes severe degeneration of the exocrine pancreas but not cystic kidney disease or retinal degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Pearring","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2609-20.2021","article-title":"The GARP domain of the rod CNG channel s \u03b21-subunit contains distinct sites for outer segment targeting and connecting to the photoreceptor disk rim","volume":"41","author":"Pearring","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.115.1.31","article-title":"Rab1b regulates vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and successive Golgi compartments","volume":"115","author":"Plutner","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e145256","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.145256","article-title":"Super-resolution microscopy reveals photoreceptor-specific subciliary location and function of ciliopathy-associated protein CEP290","volume":"6","author":"Potter","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23562","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902003116","article-title":"Defining the layers of a sensory cilium with STORM and cryoelectron nanoscopy","volume":"116","author":"Robichaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(89)80022-3","article-title":"Binding pattern of anti-rhodopsin monoclonal antibodies to photoreceptor cells: an immunocytochemical study","volume":"49","author":"R\u00f6hlich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3025-18.2019","article-title":"Disrupted plasma membrane protein homeostasis in a Xenopus Laevis model of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"39","author":"Ropelewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth929","article-title":"Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM)","volume":"3","author":"Rust","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.14.2907","article-title":"The cellular fate of mutant rhodopsin: quality control, degradation and aggresome formation","volume":"115","author":"Saliba","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji - an Open platform for biological image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R75","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx163","article-title":"Photoreceptor outer segment as a sink for membrane proteins: hypothesis and implications in retinal ciliopathies","volume":"26","author":"Seo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01221-6","article-title":"The Rab6 GTPase regulates recruitment of the dynactin complex to Golgi Membranes","volume":"12","author":"Short","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a005199","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005199","article-title":"Golgi glycosylation","volume":"3","author":"Stanley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090110078029","article-title":"A new codon 15 rhodopsin gene mutation in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa is associated with sectorial disease","volume":"111","author":"Sullivan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01445-4","article-title":"A dual role of ERGIC-localized Rabs in TMED10-mediated unconventional protein secretion","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm052256","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052256","article-title":"P23H rhodopsin accumulation causes transient disruptions to synaptic protein levels in rod photoreceptors in a model of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-01-00320.1988","article-title":"Rod photoreceptors dissociated from the adult rabbit retina","volume":"8","author":"Townes-Anderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C89","first-page":"658","article-title":"Expression pattern in retinal photoreceptors of POMGnT1, a protein involved in muscle-eye-brain disease","volume":"22","author":"Uribe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45748-4","article-title":"Aggregation of rhodopsin mutants in mouse models of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"15","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.08.004","article-title":"Molecular complexes that direct rhodopsin transport to primary cilia","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.253","article-title":"The Arf GAP ASAP1 provides a platform to regulate Arf4- and Rab11-Rab8-mediated ciliary receptor targeting: ciliary targeting through ASAP1","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001847","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001847","article-title":"The retromer complex is required for rhodopsin recycling and its loss leads to photoreceptor degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.205492","article-title":"The Arf GEF GBF1 and Arf4 synergize with the sensory receptor cargo, rhodopsin, to regulate ciliary membrane trafficking","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.06.002","article-title":"Structural and molecular bases of rod photoreceptor morphogenesis and disease","volume":"55","author":"Wensel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0169(200006)46:2&lt;95::AID-CM2&gt;3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Rhodopsin transport in the membrane of the connecting cilium of mammalian photoreceptor cells","volume":"46","author":"Wolfrum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.10.4129-4137.2005","article-title":"the ciliary rootlet maintains long-term stability of sensory cilia","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161236","article-title":"Small GTPases Rab8a and Rab11a are dispensable for rhodopsin transport in mouse photoreceptors","volume":"11","author":"Ying","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.33.1.61","article-title":"The renewal of photoreceptor cell outer segments","volume":"33","author":"Young","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025112503364039600_BIO062303C100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53828","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408472200","article-title":"A naturally occurring mutation of the opsin gene (T4R) in dogs affects glycosylation and stability of the G protein-coupled receptor","volume":"279","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.062303\/3672069\/bio062303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.062303\/3674629\/bio062303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1242\/bio.062303\/3674629\/bio062303.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T08:36:49Z","timestamp":1764059809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/14\/11\/bio062303\/369943\/Super-resolution-microscopy-reveals-a-Rab6a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.062303","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"article-number":"bio062303"}}