{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:20:12Z","timestamp":1787818812783,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IN226324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN226324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parental transfer of immune memory can increase offspring survival, although its benefits may vary across developmental stages. We investigated transgenerational immune priming in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) infected with the fungus Metarhizium brunneum. Using a split design, fathers and mothers were exposed to a low-dose fungal challenge at larval stages L5 or L6, and their offspring were subsequently challenged with a high dose at L5 or L6. We assessed survival, development, immune responses (phenoloxidase, lytic activity), and oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxide). Parental immune activation at either instar had no significant effect on offspring survival. However, offspring responses were stage dependent: L5 larvae in the memory group (homologous challenge) showed higher survival than heterologous or L6-challenged larvae. No L6-challenged larvae reached adulthood. The L5 memory group developed more slowly than controls, while all L6 larvae failed to complete development. Immune response and oxidative stress were higher in L6 larvae, but immune priming effects did not differ. These results suggest that developmental constraints and self-inflicted damage from immune and oxidative responses limit immune priming efficiency at later stages. Our findings highlight that transgenerational immune priming is strongly influenced by the developmental stage at which offspring are challenged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.062421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:45:42Z","timestamp":1785411942000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is the developmental stage important for the plasticity of transgenerational immune priming?"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4991-8327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Fuerte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edificio de Investigaci\u00f3n I, ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM 1 , Antigua Carretera a P\u00e1tzcuaro No. 8701. Col. Ex-Hacienda San Jos\u00e9 de la Huerta, C\u00f3digo Postal 58190, Morelia, Michoac\u00e1n , Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato 2 Departamento de Biolog\u00eda , , Noria Alta s\/n, Guanajuato 36050, Estado de Guanajuato ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Torres-Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato 2 Departamento de Biolog\u00eda , , Noria Alta s\/n, Guanajuato 36050, Estado de Guanajuato ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Contreras-Gardu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edificio de Investigaci\u00f3n I, ENES, Unidad Morelia, UNAM 1 , Antigua Carretera a P\u00e1tzcuaro No. 8701. 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