{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:29:28Z","timestamp":1793878168286,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6 Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jwty529","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Turku","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vghhr25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monitoring heart rate (fH) accurately is fundamental for fish eco-physiological studies. However, these measurements rely heavily on expensive experimental tools. Here, we aimed to validate BITalino, an inexpensive, open-hardware biosignal acquisition system for measuring fH that could help to democratize research in fish physiology. BITalino is a modular electrophysiological system with a dedicated electrocardiogram (ECG) module that records ECG signals through electrodes connected to the module via lead wires and attached directly to the subject. We compared BITalino with a widely used research-grade physiological recording system (BIOPAC) by measuring fH in fish using both devices simultaneously. Heart rate measurements did not differ significantly between devices, and there was no significant Device\u00d7Time interaction, indicating that both systems tracked temporal variation similarly. The intra-class correlation coefficient showed that 89.2% of the variance was due to biological differences between fish. These results confirm that BITalino can be effectively used for fH monitoring in fish physiology studies. Beyond its low cost, its portability, modular design, open-hardware architecture and compatibility with third-party analysis software make it easily adaptable for different experimental applications and may facilitate its use in resource-limited research settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.062716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:21:55Z","timestamp":1792048915000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of an open-source hardware for cardio-physiological studies in fish: A statistical equivalence study with a widely used research-grade electrophysiological recording system"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Pettinau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research 1 Department of Animal Health and Welfare , , 6708 WD Wageningen ,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"University of Turku 2 Department of Biology , , FI-20014 Turku ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Congia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SER.D.2, ASSL 8 Cagliari 3 Department of Mental Health and Addiction , , Via Liguria, sn. Cagliari, 09131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Anttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turku 2 Department of Biology , , FI-20014 Turku ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110505454113400_BIO062716C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15937","article-title":"GoFish: a foray into open-source, aquatic behavioral automation","volume":"107","author":"Ajuwon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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