{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:20:56Z","timestamp":1791123656834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2871,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the past decade, Xenopus tropicalis has emerged as a powerful new amphibian genetic model system, which offers all of the experimental advantages of its larger cousin, Xenopus laevis. Here we investigated the efficiency of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) for generating targeted mutations in endogenous genes in X. tropicalis. For our analysis we targeted the tyrosinase (oculocutaneous albinism IA) (tyr) gene, which is required for the production of skin pigments, such as melanin. We injected mRNA encoding TALENs targeting the first exon of the tyr gene into two-cell-stage embryos. Surprisingly, we found that over 90% of the founder animals developed either partial or full albinism, suggesting that the TALENs induced bi-allelic mutations in the tyr gene at very high frequency in the F0 animals. Furthermore, mutations tyr gene were efficiently transmitted into the F1 progeny, as evidenced by the generation of albino offspring. These findings have far reaching implications in our quest to develop efficient reverse genetic approaches in this emerging amphibian model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20123228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]],"date-time":"2012-10-27T02:23:59Z","timestamp":1351304639000},"page":"1273-1276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Highly efficient bi-allelic mutation rates using TALENs in <i>Xenopus tropicalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Shoko","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Cliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021080923282078500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3801805","article-title":"Xenomics.","volume":"15","author":"Amaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01506-6","article-title":"Frog genetics: Xenopus tropicalis jumps into the future.","volume":"14","author":"Amaya","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11537","article-title":"In vivo genome editing using a high-efficiency TALEN system.","author":"Bedell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature [Epub ahead of print]"},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-004-4002-8","article-title":"The Tyr (albino) locus of the laboratory mouse.","volume":"15","author":"Beermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mamm. 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Plant Biol."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.110.120717","article-title":"Targeting DNA double-strand breaks with TAL effector nucleases.","volume":"186","author":"Christian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-13-62","article-title":"A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene causes albinism in water buffalo.","volume":"13","author":"Dam\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-42","article-title":"Zinc finger nucleases as tools to understand and treat human diseases.","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.001115","article-title":"Controlling morpholino experiments: don't stop making antisense.","volume":"135","author":"Eisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-107","article-title":"Electroporation of cDNA\/Morpholinos to targeted areas of embryonic CNS in Xenopus.","volume":"7","author":"Falk","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2011.08.003","article-title":"Xenopus research: metamorphosed by genetics and genomics.","volume":"27","author":"Harland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183670","article-title":"The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis.","volume":"328","author":"Hellsten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1927","article-title":"Genetic engineering of human pluripotent cells using TALE nucleases.","volume":"29","author":"Hockemeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1939","article-title":"Heritable gene targeting in zebrafish using customized TALENs.","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00287101","article-title":"Insertion of a novel transposable element in the tyrosinase gene is responsible for an albino mutation in the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes.","volume":"249","author":"Koga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"2021080923282078500_b18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1755","article-title":"A TALE nuclease architecture for efficient genome editing.","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/1\/12\/1273\/2096677\/bio-01-12-1273.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/1\/12\/1273\/2096677\/bio-01-12-1273.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T23:59:02Z","timestamp":1628553542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/1\/12\/1273\/816\/Highly-efficient-bi-allelic-mutation-rates-using"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.20123228","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,23]]}}}