{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:40:58Z","timestamp":1778618458216,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2662,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, the most common fatal childhood neurodegenerative illnesses, share many features with more prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are caused by mutations in CLN genes. CLN6 encodes a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum protein with no known function. We characterized the behavioural phenotype of spontaneous mutant mice modeling CLN6 disease, and demonstrate progressive motor and visual decline and reduced lifespan in these mice, consistent with symptoms observed in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis patients. Alterations to biometal homeostasis are known to play a critical role in pathology in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and motor neuron diseases. We have previously shown accumulation of the biometals, zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt, in CLN6 Merino and South Hampshire sheep at the age of symptom onset. Here we determine the physiological and disease-associated expression of CLN6, demonstrating regional CLN6 transcript loss, and concurrent accumulation of the same biometals in the CNS and the heart of presymptomatic CLN6 mice. Furthermore, increased expression of the ER\/Golgi-localized cation transporter protein, Zip7, was detected in cerebellar Purkinje cells and whole brain fractions. Purkinje cells not only control motor function, an early symptomatic change in the CLN6 mice, but also display prominent neuropathological changes in mouse models and patients with different forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Whole brain fractionation analysis revealed biometal accumulation in fractions expressing markers for ER, Golgi, endosomes and lysosomes of CLN6 brains. These data are consistent with a link between CLN6 expression and biometal homeostasis in CLN6 disease, and provide further support for altered cation transporter regulation as a key factor in neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20134804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T02:56:18Z","timestamp":1369104978000},"page":"635-646","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Altered biometal homeostasis is associated with CLN6 mRNA loss in mouse neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Katja M.","family":"Kanninen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Present address: AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Grubman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aphrodite","family":"Caragounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Present address: AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace E.","family":"Lidgerwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Volitakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Ganio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111216335984600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1021\/bi201553p","article-title":"The human ZIP4 transporter has two distinct binding affinities and mediates transport of multiple transition metals.","volume":"51","author":"Antala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2021111216335984600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1330","article-title":"Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress.","volume":"3","author":"Barnham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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