{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T12:45:04Z","timestamp":1788525904818,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2556,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A broad sample of extant turtles possesses a series of paired bones in the neck that are situated between the cervical vertebrae. These paired bones were originally proposed to be cervical rib remnants, but have more recently been interpreted as vestiges of intercentra. Here, we document, for the first time, the neck development of a pleurodire turtle, Emydura subglobosa, and identify blastematous structures, which partially recapitulate the ribs and intercentra of the plesiomorphic tetrapod condition. We identify blastematous \u201cbridges\u201d between intercentra and the corresponding ribs, which we homologize with the vestiges visible in extant turtles and with the remnant parapophyseal articulation processes of the intercentra of some stem taxa. Only the unpaired, median part of the intercentrum of the atlas is retained in adult turtles, but intercentra are recapitulated along the entire vertebral column during development; they are embedded in the cervical myosepta and serve as attachment sites for neck musculature. We also identify two rib rudiments in the occipital region, which may indicate that at least two vertebrae are integrated into the cranium of turtles in particular, and of amniotes in general.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.20135439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,7]],"date-time":"2013-09-07T05:26:28Z","timestamp":1378531588000},"page":"1103-1107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Embryonic remnants of intercentra and cervical ribs in turtles"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Werneburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geowissenschaften, Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, H\u00f6lderlinstrasse 12, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Pal\u00e4ontologisches Institut und Museum, Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoologisches Institut, Spezielle Zoologie, Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter G.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geowissenschaften, Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, H\u00f6lderlinstrasse 12, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften, Universit\u00e4t Fribourg, Chemin du Mus\u00e9e 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042512380268800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2011.558928","article-title":"Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata).","volume":"10","author":"Anquetin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b2","article-title":"Occipito-Vertebral Fusion in Actinopterygians: Conjecture, Myth and Reality. Part 1: Non-Teleosts.","volume-title":"Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts: Honoring Gloria Arratia","author":"Britz","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1953.tb00368.x","article-title":"The development of the chondrocranium of Spheniscus demersus with special reference to the columella auris of birds.","volume":"34","author":"Crompton","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Zoologica"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-8274-2220-0_4","article-title":"Bewegungsapparat: Postcraniales Skelett und Muskulatur.","volume-title":"Wirbel- oder Sch\u00e4deltiere (Spezielle Zoologie, Teil 2)","author":"Fischer","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b5","first-page":"349","article-title":"Ueber die spino-occipitalen Nerven der Selachier und Holocephalen und ihre vergleichende Morphologie.","volume-title":"Festschrift zum Siebenzigsten Geburtstage von Carl Gegenbaur","author":"F\u00fcrbringer","year":"1897"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"An illustrated glossary of turtle skull nomenclature. American Museum Novitates","author":"Gaffney","year":"1972"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The cervical and caudal vertebrae of the cryptodiran turtle, Meiolania platyceps, from the pleistocene of Lord Howe Island, Australia. American Museum Novitates","author":"Gaffney","year":"1985"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The comparative osteology of the Triassic turtle Proganochelys. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History","author":"Gaffney","year":"1990"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1901.tb00026.x","article-title":"On the development of the skeleton of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus; with remarks on the egg, on the hatching, and on the hatched young.","volume":"16","author":"Howes","year":"1901","journal-title":"The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3374\/0079-032X(2007)48[3:PROMT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Phylogenetic Relationships of Mesozoic Turtles.","volume":"48","author":"Joyce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012676460-4\/50004-4","article-title":"Crown-Clades, Key Characters and Taxonomic Stability: When is an Amniote not an Amniote?","volume-title":"Amniote Origins: Completing the Transition to Land","author":"Lee","year":"1997"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07533","article-title":"An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China.","volume":"456","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11825","article-title":"Vertebral architecture in the earliest stem tetrapods.","volume":"494","author":"Pierce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67159-3","volume-title":"Das Skeletsystem: Allgemeines, Skeletsubstanzen, Skelet der Wirbeltiere einschlie\u00dflich Lokomotionstypen (Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbeltiere auf Evolutionsbiologischer Grundlage, Bd. 2)","author":"Starck","year":"1979"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2012.708674","article-title":"New evidence from the Palaeocene of Patagonia (Argentina) on the evolution and palaeo-biogeography of Meiolaniformes (Testudinata, new taxon name).","author":"Sterli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b16","first-page":"15A","article-title":"The cranial musculature of turtles.","volume":"14","author":"Werneburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Palaeontologica Electronica"},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.22104","article-title":"Embryogenesis and ossification of Emydura subglobosa (Testudines, Pleurodira, Chelidae) and patterns of turtle development.","volume":"238","author":"Werneburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042512380268800_b18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cervical ribs in turtles.","volume":"101","author":"Williams","year":"1959","journal-title":"Breviora"}],"container-title":["Biology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/2\/11\/1103\/1173949\/bio-02-11-1103.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.logists.com\/bio\/bio\/article-pdf\/2\/11\/1103\/1173949\/bio-02-11-1103.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T14:15:07Z","timestamp":1619360107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/bio\/article\/2\/11\/1103\/19759\/Embryonic-remnants-of-intercentra-and-cervical"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.20135439","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-6390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-6390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]]}}}