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PP2A has been proposed to activate the Raf kinase by removing inhibitory phosphates from Ser259 from Raf-1 or from equivalent Akt phosphorylation sites in other Raf family members. However, we find that mutant forms of C. elegansLIN-45 RAF that lack these sites still require sur-6. Therefore,SUR-6 must influence Raf activity via a different mechanism. SUR-6 and KSR(kinase suppressor of Ras) function at a similar step in Raf activation but our genetic analysis suggests that KSR activity is intact in sur-6mutants. We identify the kinase PAR-1 as a negative regulator of vulval induction and show that it acts in opposition to SUR-6 and KSR-1. In addition to their roles in Ras signaling, SUR-6\/PR55 and LET-92\/PP2A-C cooperate to control mitotic progression during early embryogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,20]],"date-time":"2004-01-20T01:12:51Z","timestamp":1074561171000},"page":"755-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["<i>C. elegans<\/i>SUR-6\/PR55 cooperates with LET-92\/protein phosphatase 2A and promotes Raf activity independently of inhibitory Akt phosphorylation sites"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Gautam","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Tuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCMP, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera V.","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042604480056600_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abraham, D., Podar, K., Pacher, M., Kubicek, M., Welzel, N.,Hemmings, B. A., Dilworth, S. M., Mischak, H., Kolch, W. and Baccarini, M.(2000). Raf-1-associated protein phosphatase 2A as a positive regulator of kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem.275,22300-22304.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003259200"},{"key":"2021042604480056600_REF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alessi, D. R., Gomez, N., Moorhead, G., Lewis, T., Keyse, S. M. and Cohen, P. (1995). Inactivation of p42 MAP kinase by protein phosphatase 2A and a protein tyrosine phosphatase, but not CL100, in various cell lines. Curr. 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