{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:53:09Z","timestamp":1790891589810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The homeodomain transcription factor Chx10 is one of the earliest markers of the developing retina. It is required for retinal progenitor cell proliferation as well as formation of bipolar cells, a type of retinal interneuron. orJ (ocular retardation) mice, which are Chx10 null mutants, are microphthalmic and show expanded and abnormal peripheral structures, including the ciliary body. We show here, in a mixed genetic background, the progressive appearance of pigmented cells in the neural retina, concomitant with loss of expression of retinal markers. Fate mapping analysis using a multifunctional Chx10 BAC reporter mouse revealed this process to be direct transdifferentiation of retinal cells into pigmented cells. Microarray and in situ hybridization analyses revealed a complex program underlying the transdifferentiation. This program involved the expansion of expression of genes normally found only in the periphery into central regions of the eye. These genes included a transcription factor controlling pigmentation, Mitf, and the related factor Tfec(Tcfec \u2013 Mouse Genome Informatics), which can activate a melanogenic gene expression program. Misexpression of Chx10 in the developing retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) caused downregulation of Mitf, Tfec, and associated pigment markers, leading to a nonpigmented RPE. These data link Chx10 and Mitf to maintenance of the neural retina and RPE fates respectively. Further, they suggest a new role for Chx10 in maintenance of compartment boundaries in the peripheral retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,30]],"date-time":"2004-09-30T23:47:47Z","timestamp":1096588067000},"page":"5139-5152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Transdifferentiation of the retina into pigmented cells in ocular retardation mice defines a new function of the homeodomain gene<i>Chx10<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Sheldon","family":"Rowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.-M. Amy","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance L.","family":"Cepko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042612012979100_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumer, N., Marquardt, T., Stoykova, A., Spieler, D., Treichel,D., Ashery-Padan, R. and Gruss, P. 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