{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:16:46Z","timestamp":1789661806534,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vulva development in C. elegans involves cell fate specification followed by a morphogenesis phase in which homologous mirror image pairs within a linear array of primordial vulva cells form a crescent shape as they move sequentially towards a midline position within the array. The homologous pairs from opposite half vulvae in fixed sequence fuse with one another at their leading tips to form ring-shaped (toroidal) cells stacked in precise alignment one atop the other. Here, we show that the semaphorin 1a SMP-1, and its plexin receptor PLX-1, are required for the movement of homologous pairs of vulva cells towards this midline position. SMP-1 is upregulated on the lumen membrane of each primordial vulva cell as it enters the forming vulva and apparently attracts the next flanking homologous PLX-1-expressing vulva cells towards the lumen surface of the ring. Consequently, a new ring-shaped cell forms immediately ventral to the previously formed ring. This smp-1- and plx-1-dependent process repeats until seven rings are stacked along the dorsoventral axis, creating a common vulva lumen. Ectopic expression of SMP-1 suggests it has an instructive role in vulva cell migration. At least two parallel acting pathways are required for vulva formation: one requires SMP-1, PLX-1 and CED-10; and another requires the MIG-2 Rac GTPase and its putative activator UNC-73.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T20:24:27Z","timestamp":1108585467000},"page":"1387-1400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Vulva morphogenesis involves attraction of plexin 1-expressing primordial vulva cells to semaphorin 1a sequentially expressed at the vulva midline"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Gratien","family":"Dalpe\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1X5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1X5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Culotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042605365133400_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burdine, R. 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