{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:16:08Z","timestamp":1790496968445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is essential to maintain a pool of dividing, immature chondrocytes in the growth plate of long bones. In chick and mouse, expression of Nkx3.2\/Bapx1 in the growth plate is restricted to the proliferative zone and is downregulated as chondrocyte maturation begins. Nkx3.2\/Bapx1 expression is lost in the growth plates of mice engineered to lack PTHrP signaling and, conversely, is maintained by ectopic expression of PTHrP in developing bones. Artificially preventing Nkx3.2\/Bapx1 downregulation, by forced expression of either retroviral-encoded PTHrP or Nkx3.2 inhibits chondrocyte maturation. Although wild-type Nkx3.2 blocks chondrocyte maturation by acting as a transcriptional repressor, a `reverse function' mutant of Nkx3.2 that has been converted into a transcriptional activator conversely accelerates chondrocyte maturation. Nkx3.2 represses expression of the chondrocyte maturation factor Runx2, and Runx2 misexpression can rescue the Nkx3.2-induced blockade of chondrocyte maturation. Taken together, these results suggest that PTHrP signals block chondrocyte hypertrophy by, in part, maintaining the expression of Nkx3.2\/Bapx1, which in turn represses the expression of genes required for chondrocyte maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,19]],"date-time":"2006-01-19T01:28:09Z","timestamp":1137634089000},"page":"651-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Nkx3.2\/Bapx1 acts as a negative regulator of chondrocyte maturation"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Provot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA."},{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herve\u0301","family":"Kempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Charles","family":"Murtaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ung-il","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chyung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Lassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042620583158000_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akazawa, H., Komuro, I., Sugitani, Y., Yazaki, Y., Nagai, R. and Noda, T. 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