{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:11:18Z","timestamp":1791011478474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>How embryos consistently orient asymmetries of the left-right (LR) axis is an intriguing question, as no macroscopic environmental cues reliably distinguish left from right. Especially unclear are the events coordinating LR patterning with the establishment of the dorsoventral (DV) axes and midline determination in early embryos. In frog embryos, consistent physiological and molecular asymmetries manifest by the second cell cleavage; however, models based on extracellular fluid flow at the node predict correct de novo asymmetry orientation during neurulation. We addressed these issues in Xenopus embryos by manipulating the timing and location of dorsal organizer induction: the primary dorsal organizer was ablated by UV irradiation, and a new organizer was induced at various locations, either early, by mechanical rotation, or late, by injection of lithium chloride (at 32 cells) or of the transcription factor XSiamois (which functions after mid-blastula transition). These embryos were then analyzed for the position of three asymmetric organs. Whereas organizers rescued before cleavage properly oriented the LR axis 90% of the time, organizers induced in any position at any time after the 32-cell stage exhibited randomized laterality. Late organizers were unable to correctly orient the LR axis even when placed back in their endogenous location. Strikingly, conjoined twins produced by late induction of ectopic organizers did have normal asymmetry. These data reveal that although correct LR orientation must occur no later than early cleavage stages in singleton embryos, a novel instructive influence from an early organizer can impose normal asymmetry upon late organizers in the same cell field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.041798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,9]],"date-time":"2010-03-09T12:47:54Z","timestamp":1268138874000},"page":"1095-1105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Consistent left-right asymmetry cannot be established by late organizers in<i>Xenopus<\/i>unless the late organizer is a conjoined twin"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Laura N.","family":"Vandenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042606505029400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02341","article-title":"Early, H+-V-ATPase-dependent proton flux is necessary for consistent left-right patterning of non-mammalian vertebrates","volume":"133","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21560","article-title":"What's left in asymmetry?","volume":"237","author":"Aw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.015974","article-title":"Is left-right asymmetry a form of planar cell polarity?","volume":"136","author":"Aw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2007.10.011","article-title":"H,K-ATPase protein localization and Kir4.1 function reveal concordance of three axes during early determination of left-right asymmetry","volume":"125","author":"Aw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.10.4417-4427.2004","article-title":"The transcription factor RFX3 directs nodal cilium development and left-right asymmetry specification","volume":"24","author":"Bonnafe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R6","first-page":"251","article-title":"The Spemann-Mangold organizer: the control of fate specification and morphogenetic rearrangements during gastrulation in Xenopus","volume":"45","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/382595a0","article-title":"Cerberus is a head-inducing secreted factor expressed in the anterior endoderm of Spemann's organizer","volume":"382","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9739","article-title":"Regulation of gut and heart left-right asymmetry by context-dependent interactions between Xenopus lefty and BMP4 signaling","volume":"223","author":"Branford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0306","article-title":"Activation of Siamois by the Wnt pathway","volume":"180","author":"Brannon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.109.1.1","article-title":"The development of handedness in left\/right asymmetry","volume":"109","author":"Brown","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.10.1565","article-title":"Two rights make a wrong: human left-right malformations","volume":"7","author":"Casey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00085-X","article-title":"Left-right axis malformations in man and mouse","volume":"10","author":"Casey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1996.tb00983.x","article-title":"Immunodetection of cytoskeletal structures and the Eg5 motor protein on deep-etch replicas of Xenopus egg cortices isolated during the cortical rotation","volume":"88","author":"Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R14","first-page":"A1340","article-title":"The role of KATP channels in development of left-right asymmetry in Xenopus","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dental Res."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.99.2.197","article-title":"The midblastula cell cycle transition and the character of mesoderm in U.V.-induced nonaxial Xenopus development","volume":"99","author":"Cooke","year":"1987","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4517","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02642","article-title":"Intrinsic chiral properties of the Xenopus egg cortex: an early indicator of left-right asymmetry?","volume":"133","author":"Danilchik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.5.1467","article-title":"Linkage of cardiac left-right asymmetry and dorsal-anterior development in Xenopus","volume":"121","author":"Danos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(88)90281-3","article-title":"A transient array of parallel microtubules in frog eggs: potential tracks for a cytoplasmic rotation that specifies the dorso-ventral axis","volume":"128","author":"Elinson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21874","article-title":"Mouse mutagenesis identifies novel roles for left-right patterning genes in pulmonary, craniofacial, ocular, and limb development","volume":"238","author":"Ermakov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01663","article-title":"Kupffer's vesicle is a ciliated organ of asymmetry in the zebrafish embryo that initiates left-right development of the brain, heart and gut","volume":"132","author":"Essner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.13.2581","article-title":"A role for Siamois in Spemann organizer formation","volume":"124","author":"Fan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1159\/000088451","article-title":"Serotonin transporter function is an early step in left-right patterning in chick and frog embryos","volume":"27","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.03.044","article-title":"Serotonin signaling is a very early step in patterning of the left-right axis in chick and frog embryos","volume":"15","author":"Fukumoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R24","first-page":"839","article-title":"Specification of embryonic axes begins before cleavage in normal mouse development","volume":"128","author":"Gardner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development Suppl."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6408(1998)22:2<122::AID-DVG2>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Control of gene expression in Xenopus early development","volume":"22","author":"Hair","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Genet."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)60307-6","article-title":"In situ hybridization: an improved whole mount method for Xenopus embryos","volume-title":"Xenopus laevis: Practical uses in Cell and Molecular Biology","author":"Harland","year":"1991"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90087-6","article-title":"Microinjection of synthetic Xhox-1A homeobox mRNA disrupts somite formation in developing Xenopus embryos","volume":"53","author":"Harvey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.2.269","article-title":"The receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 and ephrin-B ligands restrict angiogenic growth of embryonic veins in Xenopus laevis","volume":"127","author":"Helbling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.5.1213","article-title":"Microtubule translocation and polymerisation during cortical rotation in Xenopus eggs","volume":"120","author":"Houliston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81144-7","article-title":"The left-right coordinator: the role of Vg1 in organizing left-right axis formation","volume":"93","author":"Hyatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(89)90207-8","article-title":"Dorsalization of mesoderm induction by lithium","volume":"132","author":"Kao","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1998.tb01067.x","article-title":"The legacy of lithium effects on development","volume":"90","author":"Kao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-004-0985-4","article-title":"The embryology of conjoined twins","volume":"20","author":"Kaufman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13017","article-title":"Siamois is required for formation of Spemann's organizer","volume":"94","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.03.010","article-title":"Cystic kidney gene seahorse regulates cilia-mediated processes and Wnt pathways","volume":"14","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90127-8","article-title":"The first cleavage furrow demarcates the dorsal-ventral axis in Xenopus embryos","volume":"120","author":"Klein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01772","article-title":"Cilia-driven fluid flow in the zebrafish pronephros, brain and Kupffer's vesicle is required for normal organogenesis","volume":"132","author":"Kramer-Zucker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/713754338","article-title":"Twinning and embryonic left-right asymmetry","volume":"4","author":"Levin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20078","article-title":"Is the early left-right axis like a plant, a kidney, or a neuron? The integration of physiological signals in embryonic asymmetry","volume":"78","author":"Levin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(97)90092-X","article-title":"Two molecular models of initial left-right asymmetry generation","volume":"49","author":"Levin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.6.763","article-title":"The compulsion of chirality: toward an understanding of left-right asymmetry","volume":"12","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.9024","article-title":"Gap junctions are involved in the early generation of left-right asymmetry","volume":"203","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.21.4703","article-title":"Gap junction-mediated transfer of left-right patterning signals in the early chick blastoderm is upstream of Shh asymmetry in the node","volume":"126","author":"Levin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20545","article-title":"Left-right patterning from the inside out: widespread evidence for intracellular control","volume":"29","author":"Levin","year":"2007","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90477-8","article-title":"A molecular pathway determining left-right asymmetry in chick embryogenesis","volume":"82","author":"Levin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/384321a0","article-title":"Laterality defects in conjoined twins","volume":"384","author":"Levin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00939-X","article-title":"Asymmetries in H+\/K+-ATPase and cell membrane potentials comprise a very early step in left-right patterning","volume":"111","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000091915","article-title":"Of minds and embryos: left-right asymmetry and the serotonergic controls of pre-neural morphogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Levin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.01.009","article-title":"The influence of twinning on cardiac development","volume":"84","author":"Manning","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02183","article-title":"A novel role for lbx1 in Xenopus hypaxial myogenesis","volume":"133","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(03)00091-1","article-title":"Cilia are at the heart of vertebrate left-right asymmetry","volume":"13","author":"McGrath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R52","first-page":"741","article-title":"Cortical rotation is required for the correct spatial expression of nr3, sia and gsc in Xenopus embryos","volume":"41","author":"Medina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R53","first-page":"357","article-title":"KCNQ1 and KCNE1 K+ channel components are involved in early left-right patterning in Xenopus laevis embryos","volume":"21","author":"Morokuma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(00)00251-3","article-title":"Dorsal induction from dorsal vegetal cells in Xenopus occurs after mid-blastula transition","volume":"93","author":"Nagano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8635","article-title":"Organizer induction determines left-right asymmetry in Xenopus","volume":"189","author":"Nascone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R56","volume-title":"Normal table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin)","author":"Nieuwkoop","year":"1967"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81705-5","article-title":"Randomization of left-right asymmetry due to loss of nodal cilia generating leftward flow of extraembryonic fluid in mice lacking KIF3B motor protein","volume":"95","author":"Nonaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00849","article-title":"Determination of left-right patterning of the mouse embryo by artificial nodal flow","volume":"418","author":"Nonaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21788","article-title":"The development and evolution of left-right asymmetry in invertebrates: lessons from Drosophila and snails","volume":"237","author":"Okumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1217","article-title":"Mutations in INVS encoding inversin cause nephronophthisis type 2, linking renal cystic disease to the function of primary cilia and left-right axis determination","volume":"34","author":"Otto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2005.12.003","article-title":"Human laterality disorders","volume":"49","author":"Peeters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.10027","article-title":"Sperm entry position provides a surface marker for the first cleavage plane of the mouse zygote","volume":"32","author":"Plusa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20509","article-title":"Localization and loss-of-function implicates ciliary proteins in early, cytoplasmic roles in left-right asymmetry","volume":"234","author":"Qiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.07.038","article-title":"Left-right asymmetry and congenital cardiac defects: getting to the heart of the matter in vertebrate left-right axis determination","volume":"288","author":"Ramsdell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1830","article-title":"Left-right asymmetry in the vertebrate embryo: from early information to higher-level integration","volume":"7","author":"Raya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.17.3769","article-title":"The midbrain-hindbrain boundary genetic cascade is activated ectopically in the diencephalon in response to the widespread expression of one of its components, the medaka gene Ol-eng2","volume":"126","author":"Ristoratore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.17.3293","article-title":"Functional differences among Xenopus nodal-related genes in left-right axis determination","volume":"124","author":"Sampath","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90068-X","article-title":"Xenopus chordin: a novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes","volume":"79","author":"Sasai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(90)90014-A","article-title":"Molecular approach to dorsoanterior development in Xenopus laevis","volume":"137","author":"Sato","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(80)90082-2","article-title":"Determination of the dorsal-ventral axis in eggs of Xenopus laevis: complete rescue of UV-impaired eggs by oblique orientation before first cleavage","volume":"79","author":"Scharf","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(83)90255-5","article-title":"Axis determination in eggs of Xenopus laevis: a critical period before first cleavage, identified by the common effects of cold, pressure and ultraviolet irradiation","volume":"99","author":"Scharf","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1159\/000103187","article-title":"Left-right axis development: examples of similar and divergent strategies to generate asymmetric morphogenesis in chick and mouse embryos","volume":"117","author":"Schlueter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Genome Res."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.10.067","article-title":"Cilia-driven leftward flow determines laterality in Xenopus","volume":"17","author":"Schweickert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.1.1","article-title":"The frog prince-ss: a molecular formula for dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus","volume":"7","author":"Sive","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R75","volume-title":"Early development of Xenopus laevis","author":"Sive","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2007.05.008","article-title":"Strategies to establish left\/right asymmetry in vertebrates and invertebrates","volume":"17","author":"Speder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/40140","article-title":"Mutation of an axonemal dynein affects left-right asymmetry in inversus viscerum mice","volume":"389","author":"Supp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-005-9000-y","article-title":"Do we know anything about how left-right asymmetry is first established in the vertebrate embryo?","volume":"36","author":"Tabin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1053803","article-title":"A two-cilia model for vertebrate left-right axis specification","volume":"17","author":"Tabin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/417193a","article-title":"Microtubule basis for left-handed helical growth in Arabidopsis","volume":"417","author":"Thitamadee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.003715","article-title":"Ftm is a novel basal body protein of cilia involved in Shh signalling","volume":"134","author":"Vierkotten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(86)90184-3","article-title":"Kinematics of gray crescent formation in Xenopus eggs: the displacement of subcortical cytoplasm relative to the egg surface","volume":"113","author":"Vincent","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970080206","article-title":"Subcortical rotation in Xenopus eggs: a preliminary study of its mechanochemical basis","volume":"8","author":"Vincent","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskel."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00328-6","article-title":"Left-right development: the roles of nodal cilia","volume":"10","author":"Wagner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/311127a0","article-title":"Antibodies to gap-junctional protein selectively disrupt junctional communication in the early amphibian embryo","volume":"311","author":"Warner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9296","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703153104","article-title":"Polarity reveals intrinsic cell chirality","volume":"104","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00150","article-title":"Beta-catenin\/Tcf-regulated transcription prior to the midblastula transition","volume":"129","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R88","first-page":"165","article-title":"Development of the left-right axis in amphibians","volume":"162","author":"Yost","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp."},{"key":"2021042606505029400_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2007.04.004","article-title":"Genetic defects of pronephric cilia in zebrafish","volume":"124","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."}],"container-title":["Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/137\/7\/1095\/1200280\/1095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/137\/7\/1095\/1200280\/1095.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T12:39:16Z","timestamp":1635079156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article\/137\/7\/1095\/44342\/Consistent-left-right-asymmetry-cannot-be"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.041798","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9129","0950-1991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9129","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0950-1991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]}}}