{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:41:03Z","timestamp":1790865663365,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mammalian kidney and male reproductive system are both derived from the intermediate mesoderm. The spatial and temporal expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP4 and their cognate receptor, activin like kinase 3 (ALK3), suggests a functional role for BMP-ALK3 signaling during formation of intermediate mesoderm-derivative organs. Here, we define cell autonomous functions for Alk3 in the kidney and male gonad in mice with CRE-mediated Alk3 inactivation targeted to intermediate mesoderm progenitors (Alk3IMP null). Alk3-deficient mice exhibit simple renal hypoplasia characterized by decreases in both kidney size and nephron number but normal tissue architecture. These defects are preceded by a decreased contribution of Alk3-deleted cells to the metanephric blastema and reduced expression of Osr1 and SIX2, which mark nephron progenitor cells. Mutant mice are also characterized by defects in intermediate mesoderm-derived genital tissues with fewer mesonephric tubules and testicular Leydig cells, epithelial vacuolization in the postnatal corpus epididymis, and decreased serum testosterone levels and reduced fertility. Analysis of ALK3-dependent signaling effectors revealed lineage-specific reduction of phospho-p38 MAPK in metanephric mesenchyme and phospho-SMAD1\/5\/8 in the testis. Together, these results demonstrate a requirement for Alk3 in distinct progenitor cell populations derived from the intermediate mesoderm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.059030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T02:48:54Z","timestamp":1306378134000},"page":"2717-2727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Alk3<\/i> controls nephron number and androgen production via lineage-specific effects in intermediate mesoderm"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Di Giovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Alday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Mishina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman D.","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042606552359300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.04.442","article-title":"Dose-dependent Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8 signaling in the early mouse embryo","volume":"296","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. 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