{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:45:38Z","timestamp":1789598738996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3278,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The expression and function of embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMYH) has not been investigated within the early developing heart. This is despite the knowledge that other structural proteins, such as alpha and beta myosin heavy chains and cardiac alpha actin, play crucial roles in atrial septal development and cardiac function. Most cases of atrial septal defects and cardiomyopathy are not associated with a known causative gene, suggesting that further analysis into candidate genes is required. Expression studies localised eMYH in the developing chick heart. eMYH knockdown was achieved using morpholinos in a temporal manner and functional studies were carried out using electrical and calcium signalling methodologies. Knockdown in the early embryo led to abnormal atrial septal development and heart enlargement. Intriguingly, action potentials of the eMYH knockdown hearts were abnormal in comparison with the alpha and beta myosin heavy chain knockdowns and controls. Although myofibrillogenesis appeared normal, in knockdown hearts the tissue integrity was affected owing to apparent focal points of myocyte loss and an increase in cell death. An expression profile of human skeletal myosin heavy chain genes suggests that human myosin heavy chain 3 is the functional homologue of the chick eMYH gene. These data provide compelling evidence that eMYH plays a crucial role in important processes in the early developing heart and, hence, is a candidate causative gene for atrial septal defects and cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.059063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,23]],"date-time":"2011-08-23T12:08:32Z","timestamp":1314101312000},"page":"3955-3966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Knockdown of embryonic myosin heavy chain reveals an essential role in the morphology and function of the developing heart"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Catrin Sian","family":"Rutland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK."},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Polo-Parada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, 134 Research Park, Columbia MO. 65211, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and The Cardiovascular Division, New Hunt's House, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziza","family":"Alibhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaran","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suganthi","family":"Suren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Developmental Biology Resource, Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Emes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhakti","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Loughna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042607033050700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10256","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.14.10256","article-title":"A novel marker for vertebrate embryonic heart, the EH-myomesin isoform","volume":"275","author":"Agarkova","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01159","article-title":"Sequential myofibrillar breakdown accompanies mitotic division of mammalian cardiomyocytes","volume":"117","author":"Ahuja","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.02004","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies an MYH3 mutation in a family with distal arthrogryposis type 1","volume":"93","author":"Alvarado","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(86)80915-4","article-title":"Electrophysiological and ultrastructural study of the atrioventricular canal during the development of the chick embryo","volume":"18","author":"Arguello","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R5","volume-title":"The Atlas of Chick Development","author":"Bellairs","year":"1998"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.57.5.759","article-title":"Ventricular trabeculations in the chick embryo heart and their contribution to ventricular and muscular septal development","volume":"57","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.171835","article-title":"Perinatal loss of Nkx2-5 results in rapid conduction and contraction defects","volume":"103","author":"Briggs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00493-7","article-title":"A murine model of Holt-Oram syndrome defines roles of the T-box transcription factor Tbx5 in cardiogenesis and disease","volume":"106","author":"Bruneau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001362","article-title":"Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is associated with a de novo mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene","volume":"2","author":"Budde","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.507699","article-title":"Alpha-myosin heavy chain: a sarcomeric gene associated with dilated and hypertrophic phenotypes of cardiomyopathy","volume":"112","author":"Carniel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90040-6","article-title":"Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in regenerating myotubes of innervated and denervated chicken pectoral muscle","volume":"119","author":"Cerny","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1595","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00157.2007","article-title":"Interaction between myosin heavy chain and troponin isoforms modulate cardiac myofiber contractile dynamics","volume":"293","author":"Chandra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1526","article-title":"Mutation in myosin heavy chain 6 causes atrial septal defect","volume":"37","author":"Ching","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00904.x","article-title":"TNF-alpha-mediated signal transduction pathway is a major determinant of apoptosis in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.1.15","article-title":"Developmental changes in ionic channel activity in the embryonic murine heart","volume":"78","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-008-9125-7","article-title":"Cardiac hypertrophy and thyroid hormone signaling","volume":"15","author":"Dillmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.10.1529","article-title":"Myofibrillogenesis in the developing chicken heart: assembly of Z-disk, M-line and the thick filaments","volume":"112","author":"Ehler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.41.030179.002353","article-title":"Calcium and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling","volume":"41","author":"Fabiato","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.100.1.270","article-title":"Characterization of a myosin heavy chain in the conductive system of the adult and developing chicken heart","volume":"100","author":"Gonzalez-Sanchez","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.9.856","article-title":"Myocyte death in the failing human heart is gender dependent","volume":"85","author":"Guerra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520","article-title":"A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood","volume":"52","author":"Guindon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13583.x","article-title":"The developmentally regulated expression of two linked myosin heavy-chain genes","volume":"169","author":"Gulick","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050880104","article-title":"A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo","volume":"88","author":"Hamburger","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656997","article-title":"Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches","volume":"391","author":"Hamill","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(77)90220-2","article-title":"Atrial septation. I. Scanning electron microscopy in the chick","volume":"57","author":"Hendrix","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.10.046","article-title":"Establishment of cardiac cytoarchitecture in the developing mouse heart","volume":"289","author":"Hirschy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.14.1383","article-title":"Molecular basis of transient outward potassium current downregulation in human heart failure: a decrease in Kv4.3 mRNA correlates with a reduction in current density","volume":"98","author":"Kaab","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2337","article-title":"SOX2 plays a critical role in the pituitary, forebrain, and eye during human embryonic development","volume":"93","author":"Kelberman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00669.x","article-title":"Changes in gene expression during the formation of bioengineered heart muscle","volume":"33","author":"Khait","year":"2009","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1.1989.8.39","article-title":"Identification and developmental expression of a novel embryonic myosin heavy-chain gene in chicken","volume":"8","author":"Lagrutta","year":"1989","journal-title":"DNA"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.35.030173.000415","article-title":"Heart: excitation-contraction coupling","volume":"35","author":"Langer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.111.4.1465","article-title":"The expression of myosin genes in developing skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo","volume":"111","author":"Lyons","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(200001)217:1<37::AID-DVDY4>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Evidence for the expression of neonatal skeletal myosin heavy chain in primary myocardium and cardiac conduction tissue in the developing chick heart","volume":"217","author":"Machida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-4900(02)00010-2","article-title":"Expression of slow skeletal myosin heavy chain 2 gene in Purkinje fiber cells in chick heart","volume":"94","author":"Machida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287","article-title":"Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; quality of care and outcomes research and functional genomics and translational biology interdisciplinary working groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"113","author":"Maron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm302","article-title":"Alpha-cardiac actin mutations produce atrial septal defects","volume":"17","author":"Matsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1991.sp003533","article-title":"The new stereological methods for interpreting functional morphology from slices of cells and organs","volume":"76","author":"Mayhew","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1086\/424760","article-title":"Mutations in the slow skeletal muscle fiber myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7) cause laing early-onset distal myopathy (MPD1)","volume":"75","author":"Meredith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020100505","article-title":"Temporal and tissue-specific expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in developing and adult avian muscle","volume":"10","author":"Merrifield","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev. Genet."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R39","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6460","article-title":"Alpha-cardiac actin is a novel disease gene in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"Mogensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2003.010447","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of alpha cardiac actin gene mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"41","author":"Mogensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48267-1","article-title":"The sequence of an embryonic myosin heavy chain gene and isolation of its corresponding cDNA","volume":"262","author":"Molina","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm239","article-title":"Mutation in the alpha-cardiac actin gene associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction, and septal defects","volume":"28","author":"Monserrat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R45","first-page":"91","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of the developing septa in the chick heart","volume":"14","author":"Morse","year":"1978","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.102990","article-title":"Sarcomere protein gene mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the elderly","volume":"105","author":"Niimura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R47","first-page":"605","article-title":"The complete sequence and expression patterns of the atrial myosin heavy chain in the developing chick","volume":"90","author":"Oana","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.750","article-title":"Actin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy, a heritable form of heart failure","volume":"280","author":"Olson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1204","article-title":"Inherited and de novo mutations in the cardiac actin gene cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"32","author":"Olson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvm002","article-title":"t-Tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in cardiac ventricular myocytes","volume":"77","author":"Orchard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00405-2","article-title":"Nkx2-5 pathways and congenital heart disease; loss of ventricular myocyte lineage specification leads to progressive cardiomyopathy and complete heart block","volume":"117","author":"Pashmforoush","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21879","article-title":"Cardiac cushions modulate action potential phenotype during heart development","volume":"238","author":"Polo-Parada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.05.002","article-title":"Cardiac fibroblasts: at the heart of myocardial remodeling","volume":"123","author":"Porter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050550106","article-title":"The development of the sino-atrial region of the chick heart","volume":"55","author":"Quiring","year":"1933","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1814","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.4.H1814","article-title":"Human cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms in fetal and failing adult atria and ventricles","volume":"280","author":"Reiser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970280102","article-title":"The premyofibril: evidence for its role in myofibrillogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Rhee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Motil. Cytoskel."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2021042607033050700_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2008.05.006","article-title":"[The anatomical substrate of muscle contractility]","volume":"55","author":"Rigoard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01079.x","article-title":"Knockdown of alpha myosin heavy chain disrupts the cytoskeleton and leads to multiple defects during chick cardiogenesis","volume":"214","author":"Rutland","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00541","article-title":"Regulation of myosin expression during myotome formation","volume":"130","author":"Sacks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2008-0033","article-title":"Reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts differentiate into cells of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic lineages","volume":"26","author":"Schenke-Layland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199707)248:3<421::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Developmental changes in the myocardial architecture of the chick","volume":"248","author":"Sedmera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(70)90575-8","article-title":"Developmental landmarks in cardiac morphogenesis: comparative chronology","volume":"25","author":"Sissman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-31","article-title":"Automated generation of heuristics for biological sequence comparison","volume":"6","author":"Slater","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5A6846.2006","article-title":"Atrial and ventricular myosin heavy-chain expression in the developing chicken heart: strengths and limitations of non-radioactive in situ hybridization","volume":"54","author":"Somi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10693","article-title":"Myosin storage myopathy associated with a heterozygous missense mutation in MYH7","volume":"54","author":"Tajsharghi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000257131.13438.2c","article-title":"Homozygous mutation in MYH7 in myosin storage myopathy and cardiomyopathy","volume":"68","author":"Tajsharghi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.8.1083","article-title":"Embryonic myosin heavy-chain mutations cause distal arthrogryposis and developmental myosin myopathy that persists postnatally","volume":"65","author":"Tajsharghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5155","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005155","article-title":"Hypoxia induces dilated cardiomyopathy in the chick embryo: mechanism, intervention, and long-term consequences","volume":"4","author":"Tintu","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.15.1867","article-title":"Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children","volume":"296","author":"Towbin","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1775","article-title":"Mutations in embryonic myosin heavy chain (MYH3) cause Freeman-Sheldon syndrome and Sheldon-Hall syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Toydemir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000252808","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy: a systematic review of disease-causing mutations in myosin heavy chain 7 and their phenotypic manifestations","volume":"115","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.81.1.120","article-title":"Developmental changes in transient outward current in mouse ventricle","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1149","article-title":"Calcium signalling during embryonic development","volume":"4","author":"Webb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17664","article-title":"A mechanistic role for cardiac myocyte apoptosis in heart failure","volume":"111","author":"Wencker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092290309","article-title":"Spatial distribution of `tissue-specific' antigens in the developing human heart and skeletal muscle. II. An immunohistochemical analysis of myosin heavy chain isoform expression patterns in the embryonic heart","volume":"229","author":"Wessels","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20000701)259:3<288::AID-AR60>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Atrial development in the human heart: an immunohistochemical study with emphasis on the role of mesenchymal tissues","volume":"259","author":"Wessels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"2021042607033050700_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2010.01435.x","article-title":"Genetic factors in non-syndromic congenital heart malformations","volume":"78","author":"Wessels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."}],"container-title":["Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/138\/18\/3955\/1157981\/3955.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/138\/18\/3955\/1157981\/3955.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T09:58:56Z","timestamp":1619431136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article\/138\/18\/3955\/44636\/Knockdown-of-embryonic-myosin-heavy-chain-reveals"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.059063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-9129","0950-1991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9129","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0950-1991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]]}}}