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We predict in silico the phenotypic outcomes of unoccupied morphospaces and experimentally validate in vivo that observed convergence is not due to developmental limits on variation but instead from selection against novel trajectories that result in maladaptive facial clefts. These results illustrate how epigenetic factors such as organismal geometry and shape impact facial morphogenesis and alter the locus of adaptive selection to variation in later developmental events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.099994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T12:19:01Z","timestamp":1392725941000},"page":"1059-1063","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Embryonic bauplans and the developmental origins of facial diversity and constraint"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Nathan M.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis J.","family":"Lainoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail S.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King\u2019s College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Trainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA."},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Hallgr\u00edmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph S.","family":"Marcucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","reference":[{"key":"2021042607542446100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11146","article-title":"Birds have paedomorphic dinosaur skulls","volume":"487","author":"Bhullar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042607542446100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2242","article-title":"Inverting the hourglass: quantitative evidence against the phylotypic stage in vertebrate development","volume":"270","author":"Bininda-Emonds","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. 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