{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:04:19Z","timestamp":1791047059506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]],"date-time":"1989-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":615254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Transgenic mice carrying the diphtheria toxin A gene driven by mouse \u03b32-crystallin promoter sequences manifest microphthalmia due to ablation of fiber cells in the ocular lens. Here we map ablation events in the lens by crossing animals hemizygous for the ablation construct with transgenic mice homozygous for the in situ lacT reporter gene driven by identical \u03b32 crystallin promoter sequences. By comparing the spatial distribution of tacZ-expressing cells and the profile of \u03b3-crystallin gene expression in the lenses of normal and microphthalmic offspring, the contributions of specific cell types to lens development were examined. The results suggest that phenotypically and developmentally distinct populations of lens fiber cells are able to contribute to the lens nucleus during organogenesis. We also show that dosage of the transgene and its site of integration influence the extent of ablation. In those mice homozygous for the transgene and completely lacking cells of the lens lineage, we show that the sclera, cornea, and ciliary epithelium are reduced in size but, otherwise, reasonably well formed. In contrast, the anterior chamber, iris, and vitreous body are not discernible while the sensory retina is highly convoluted and extensively fills the vitreous chamber.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.106.3.457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:40:03Z","timestamp":1619397603000},"page":"457-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Analysis of lens cell fate and eye morphogenesis in transgenic mice ablated for cells of the lens lineage"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Breitman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"600 University Avenue 1 Divisions of Cancer Research and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute , , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5"},{"name":"University of Toronto 2 Department of Medical Genetics , , Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn Marie","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"600 University Avenue 1 Divisions of Cancer Research and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute , , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Giddens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"600 University Avenue 1 Divisions of Cancer Research and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute , , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Clapoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"600 University Avenue 1 Divisions of Cancer Research and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute , , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Goring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto 2 Department of Medical Genetics , , Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"3 Department of Genetics, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lap-Chee","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto 2 Department of Medical Genetics , , Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"3 Department of Genetics, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon K.","family":"Klintworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University 4 Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology , , Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"600 University Avenue 1 Divisions of Cancer Research and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute , , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5"},{"name":"University of Toronto 2 Department of Medical Genetics , , Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2.4.453","article-title":"Dwarf mice produced by genetic ablation of growth hormone expressing cells","volume":"2","author":"Behringer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genes & Development"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3685993","article-title":"Genetic Ablation: Targeted expression of a toxin gene causes microphthalmia in transgenic mice","volume":"238","author":"Breitman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","article-title":"The Eye in Organogenesis","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Organogenesis, Baltimore, Maryland, September 1-12, (1964), Holt, Rhinehart and Winston","author":"Coulombre","year":"1965"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(83)90418-9","article-title":"A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity","volume":"132","author":"Feinberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Analyt. Biochem"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3099390","article-title":"In situ detection of \u03b2-galactosidase in lenses of transgenic mice with a \u03b3-crystallin\/lacZ gene","volume":"235","author":"Goring","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","volume-title":"Manipulating The Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Hogan","year":"1986"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2.9.1168","article-title":"Lensspecific expression of recombinant ricin induces developmental defects in the eyes of transgenic mice","volume":"2","author":"Landel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","first-page":"149","article-title":"Cell division, cell elongation and distribution of \u03b1, \u03b2- and \u03b3-crystallins in the rat lens","volume":"44","author":"Mcavoy","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Embryol. exp. Morph"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90227-2","article-title":"Differential regulation of \u03b3-crystallin genes during mouse lens development","volume":"119","author":"Murer-Orlando","year":"1987","journal-title":"Devi Biol"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90497-1","article-title":"Cell lineage ablation in transgenic mice by cell-specific expression of a toxin gene","volume":"50","author":"Palmiter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90254-X","article-title":"Lens crystallins and their gene families","volume":"38","author":"Piatigorsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1.7.637","article-title":"The mouse eye lens obsolescence (Elo) mutant: studies on crystallin gene expression and linkage analysis between the mutant locus and the \u03b3-crystallin genes","volume":"1","author":"Quinlan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2023040617544394600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(77)90052-3","article-title":"Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I","volume":"113","author":"Rigby","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. molec. 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