{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:45:30Z","timestamp":1773287130990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]],"date-time":"1989-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":625881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.biologists.com\/user-licence-1-1\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Isolated syngeneic epiphyseal chondrocytes transplanted into a muscle formed cartilage in which matrix resorption and endochondral ossification began at the end of the second week after transplantation. After 56 days cartilage was converted into an ossicle. In 7-day-old intrarenal transplants, epiphyseal chondrocytes formed nodules of cartilage. In 10-day-old transplants, islands of bone appeared. Slight resorption of cartilage was first noted in 14-day-old transplants of chondrocytes. After eight weeks, transplants contained mainly bone. Intramuscularly transplanted rib chondrocytes formed cartilage which did not ossify. Nevertheless, bone islands appeared in intrarenal transplants of rib chondrocytes. Bone was not formed in allogeneic intrarenal transplants of epiphyseal or rib chondrocytes, but appeared in such transplants in animals immunosuppressed by anti-thymocyte serum and procarbazine. When spleen cells from animals immunized with allogeneic chondrocytes were transferred to immunosuppressed chondrocyte recipients two weeks after intrarenal chondrocyte transplantation, the majority of osteocytes in bone islands was dead. On the other hand, endochondral bone formed in intramuscular transplants of allogenic epiphyseal chondrocytes in immunosuppressed recipients was not damaged by sensitized spleen cells. This suggested that bone in 10- to 14-day-old intrarenal transplants of chondrocytes arose from injected cells and not by induction. To see whether bone was formed by chondrocytes or by some cells contaminating the chondrocyte suspension, the superficial layer of rib cartilage was removed by collagenase digestion and only more central chondrocytes were used for transplantation. Intrarenal transplants of these chondrocytes also yielded bone. Furthermore, in some experiments intrarenal transplants of syngeneic rib chondrocytes were stained in toto by Alcian blue and Alizarin red S 7 and 14 days after transplantation and examined under a dissecting microscope. In 7-day-old transplants only cartilage nodules could be found while in the older ones cartilage and bone or only bone islands were present. These results strongly suggest that in intrarenal transplants epiphyseal and rib chondrocytes transdifferentiated into bone cells. It also seems that chondrocytes first formed cartilage matrix which, after their transdifferentiation, was substituted by bone matrix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.107.3.473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:42:55Z","timestamp":1619397775000},"page":"473-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Bone formation following intrarenal transplantation of isolated murine chondrocytes: chondrocyte-bone cell transdifferentiation?"],"prefix":"10.1242","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Stanislaw","family":"Moskalewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Chalubinskiego 5, PL-02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Malejczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Chalubinskiego 5, PL-02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"237","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"507","article-title":"Formation of tumors containing bone after intramuscular injection of transformed human amnion cells (FL) into cortisone-treated mice","volume":"44","author":"Anderson","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(68)90473-4","article-title":"Studies on clonal cartilage strains I. Effect of contaminant non-cartilage cells","volume":"52","author":"Bryan","year":"1968","journal-title":"Expl Cell Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.57B1.36","article-title":"Observations on the induction of bone in soft tissues","volume":"57B","author":"Chalmers","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091580410","article-title":"An autoradiographic study of chondrocyte transformation into chondroclasts and osteocytes during bone formation in vitro","volume":"158","author":"Crelin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anat. Rec"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"343","article-title":"Growth and differentiation of chicken embryos in simplified shell-less cultures under ordinary conditions of incubation","volume":"44","author":"De Gennaro","year":"1980","journal-title":"Growth"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60092-3","article-title":"Precursor cells of mechanocytes","volume":"47","author":"Friedenstein","year":"1976","journal-title":"In int. Rev. Cytol"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01002713","article-title":"Intracellular and extracellular control of the differentiation of cartilage and bone","volume":"13","author":"Hall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Histochem. J"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"205","article-title":"The role of tissue interactions in the growth of bone","volume-title":"In Factors and Mechanisms influencing Bone Growth","author":"Hall","year":"1982"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00011","article-title":"The fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate","volume":"58A","author":"Hanaoka","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198101000-00037","article-title":"Bone-forming and boneresorbing cell lines derived from bone marrow in tissue culture","volume":"154","author":"Hirano","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"32","article-title":"The origin of bone cells in endochondral ossification","volume-title":"In Calcified Tissues (eds H. Fleisch, H. J. J. Blackwood and M. Owen)","author":"Holtrop","year":"1966"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02061952","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the epiphyseal plate II. The hypertrophic chondrocyte","volume":"9","author":"Holtrop","year":"1972","journal-title":"Calc. Tiss. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1931.01160030026002","article-title":"The formation of bone under the influence of epithelium of the urinary tract","volume":"22","author":"Huggins","year":"1931","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.58.4.393","article-title":"Function of the gall bladder epithelium as an osteogenic stimulus and the physiological differentiation of connective tissue","volume":"58","author":"Huggins","year":"1933","journal-title":"J. exp. Med"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1936.01180240003001","article-title":"Experiments on the theory of osteogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Huggins","year":"1936","journal-title":"Arch. Surg"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(78)90132-X","article-title":"The developmental relationship between osteocytes and osteoclasts: A study using the quail-chick nuclear marker in endochondral ossification","volume":"63","author":"Jotereau","year":"1978","journal-title":"Devi Biol"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197711000-00042","article-title":"Chondrocyte-to-osteocyte transformation in grafts of perichondrium-free epiphyseal cartilage","volume":"129","author":"Kahn","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00384197","article-title":"Elektronen-mikroskopische Beobachtungen fiber die Zellen in der Er\u00f4ffnungzone des Epiphysenknorpels","volume":"54","author":"Knese","year":"1961","journal-title":"Zsch. Zellforsch"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198301000-00039","article-title":"Bone induction by calcified cartilage transplants","volume":"172","author":"Ksiazek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198301000-00039","article-title":"Studies on bone formation by cartilage reconstructed by isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes, transplanted syngeneically or across known histocompatibility barriers in mice","volume":"172","author":"Ksiazek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","volume-title":"The organization of bones","author":"Lacroix","year":"1951"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000143620","article-title":"The fate of chondrocytes during cartilage erosion in the growing tibia in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)","volume":"79","author":"Lum","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta. Anat"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"110","article-title":"Natural cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against isolated chondrocytes in the mouse","volume":"59","author":"Malejczyk","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. exp. Immunol"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00037","article-title":"Effect of immunosuppression on survival and growth of cartilage produced by transplanted allogenic epiphyseal chondrocytes","volume":"232","author":"Malejczyk","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198705000-00037","article-title":"The fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes in growth plates transplanted intramuscularly in the rabbit","volume":"218","author":"Miki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001670210","article-title":"Bone formation by isolated calvarial osteoblasts in syngeneic and allogeneic transplants: Light microscopic observations","volume":"167","author":"Moskalewski","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1986.66.4.855","article-title":"Cells of bone: profiferation, differentiation and hormonal regulation","volume":"66","author":"Nuweide","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780231002","article-title":"The origin of bone cells in the postnatal organism","volume":"23","author":"Owen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.69.3.557","article-title":"Collagenous bone matrix-induced endochondral ossification and hemopoiesis","volume":"69","author":"Reddi","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092060404","article-title":"In vitro transformation of chondroprogenitor cells into osteoblasts and the formation of new membrane bone","volume":"206","author":"Silbermann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anat. Rec"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"29","article-title":"Bone cell histogenesis: the skeletoblast as a stem-cell for preosteoblasts and for secondary-type prechondroblasts","volume-title":"In Factors and Mechanisms influencing Bone Growth (eds A. D. Dixon and B. G. Samat)","author":"Stutzmann","year":"1982"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"309","article-title":"Bone matrix formation by transformed chondrocytes in organ cultures of stripped embryonic metatarsalia","volume-title":"In Cell Mediated Calcification and Matrix Vesicles","author":"Thesingh","year":"1986"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235166","article-title":"Bone formation in cartilage produced by transplanted epiphyseal chondrocytes","volume":"204","author":"Thyberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cell Tiss. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"418","article-title":"Chondrogenic cell formation via osteogenic cell progeny transformation","volume":"27","author":"Tonna","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","first-page":"194","article-title":"Osteogenic competence","volume":"64","author":"Urist","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196500430-00026","article-title":"Osteogenesis in the interior of intramuscular implants of decalcified bone matrix","volume":"43","author":"Van De Putte","year":"1966","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02010744","article-title":"Failure of heterotopic osteogenesis by epithelial cell interactions in xenogeneic transplants in the kidney","volume":"25","author":"Wlodarski","year":"1978","journal-title":"Calc. Tiss. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017536","article-title":"Investigations on cartilage and bone induction in mice grafted with FL and WI line human amniotic cells","volume":"5","author":"Wlodarski","year":"1970","journal-title":"Calc. Tiss. Res"},{"key":"2023030315554027400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554871","article-title":"Induction of bone by xenografts of rabbit growth plate chondrocytes in the nude mouse","volume":"37","author":"Wright","year":"1985","journal-title":"Calc. Tiss. int"}],"container-title":["Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/107\/3\/473\/2598098\/develop_107_3_473.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article-pdf\/107\/3\/473\/2598098\/develop_107_3_473.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T15:55:46Z","timestamp":1677858946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.biologists.com\/dev\/article\/107\/3\/473\/36510\/Bone-formation-following-intrarenal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.107.3.473","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-1991","1477-9129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-1991","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-9129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]}}}